physics test revision exam

1. random pattern
2. atleast 50% are touching one another
3. can be poured
4. medium force of attraction

1. organized
2. strong forces of attraction
3. vibrate on the spot

1. move in a rapid, random motion
2. weak force of attraction
3. unorganized/ don't touch

1. melting: solid - liquid
2. evaporation: liquid - gas
3. freezing: liquid - solid
4. condensation: gas - liquid
5. sublimation: solid - gas
6. deposition: gas - solid

1. d= m/v
2. v = m/d
3. m = d * v

1. specific latent heat of fusion
   1. --->

      Annotations:

      • Is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid
2. specific latent heat of vaporisation
   1. --->

      Annotations:

      • is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of liquid into a gas.
3. e = m x l
   1. m = e/l
   2. l = e/m

1. straight lines = changing state
2. portrait line = increasing temperature

1. f= p /a
2. p = f x a
3. a = p / f

1. inflating

   Annotations:

   • the particles have no where to go so they collide with the wall of the balloon to create an exit with a large pressure.
2. constant size

   Annotations:

   • a balloon stays the same size because particles on the other side of the balloon are trying to enter balancing the amount of pressure exerted on the balloon
3. deflates

   Annotations:

   • the particles find an exit and escape the balloon this decreases the pressure exerted on the balloon

1. pv = constant

1. best insulater = highest temperature in beaker
2. low temperature = heat into atmosphere
3. no insolation - so you can compare results

1. formula

   Annotations:

   • Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature difference.
   1. objects heat capacity

      Annotations:

      • copper = 390 j/kg oc water = 4200 j/kg oc
      • mass = 1 kg

1. elastic

   Annotations:

   • stored in stretchy materials  e.g spring, elastic band elastic - gravitational potential
2. gravitational potential

   Annotations:

   • The closer to the ground the less gravitational potential it has, e.g books, Gravitational - thermal when heated
3. magnetic

   Annotations:

   • stored in a magnetic field, magnets
4. kinetic

   Annotations:

   • affected by the objects mass and speed, e.g: bullet, plane, car
5. chemical

   Annotations:

   • can be converted into other energy sources, e.g batteries, oil, coal, food
6. thermal

   Annotations:

   • very hot, able to change an objects state, e.g lava
7. nuclear

   Annotations:

   • is an energy found in nucleus' which is released when the atom splits, E.g: iranium, sun.

1. e.g sun: nuclear - thermal
2. e.g trampoline : elastic - kinetic

Annotations:

• efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total imput energy transfer.

1. e = u.o / t.i
2. u.o = e x t.i
3. t.i = u.o / e

1. bio - fuel

   Annotations:

   • Lower fuel prices, carbon neutral. Food shortages, fossil fuels needed for the fertilizer.
2. solar

   Annotations:

   • small, portable, no pollution, renewable! depends on light intensity!
3. wind

   Annotations:

   • low running costs, no pollution, renewable noisy, expensive, spoils view, depends on the wind!
4. hydroelectricity

   Annotations:

   • Renewable, no pollution, no fuel costs, stored for when needed! expensive, large amount of land, ruin the environment! 
5. tidal

   Annotations:

   • renewable, no pollution, reliable, cheap once built! expensive to build, can cause flooding, not strong enough waves!
6. Geothermal

   Annotations:

   • renewable, no pollution, no environment damage! Expensive, few places were it works!
7. wave power

   Annotations:

   • renewable, no pollution, uses lots of energy, expensive,
8. produce no pollution

1. oil
2. coal
3. gas
4. nuclear
5. heating, transport, electricity
6. cheap, reliable, concentrated
7. limited, produces greenhouse gasses

1. v= velocity
   1. m/s
2. m= mass
   1. kg
3. Ek = kinetic energy
   1. j
4. m=ke/0.5 * v2
5. v2 = ke/ m*0.5

1. j

1. kg

1. m

1. n/kg

1. w

1. m

1. n

1. seconds