8014441
Description
Mind Map by Molly Barton, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Molly Barton
over 7 years ago
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Immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Non-Specific
- Phagocyte detects pathogen from release of chemicals
- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen into phagosome
- Fusion with lysosome containing lysozymes forms phagolysosome
- Lysozymes hydrolyse pathogen and waste products are excreted
- Antigens presented on cell surface
- Antigens presented on cell surface
- Lysozymes hydrolyse pathogen and waste products are excreted
- Fusion with lysosome containing lysozymes forms phagolysosome
- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen into phagosome
- Non-Specific
- Antigens
- Protein molecule that stimulates an immune response and production of anitbodies
- Protein molecule that stimulates an immune response and production of anitbodies
- Antibodies
- Protein made in response to a foreign antigen and bind specifically to an antigen
- Quaternary Structure
- Form antigen-antibody complex
- Agglutination-clumping of antigens allowing phagocytes to destroy pathogen
- Protein made in response to a foreign antigen and bind specifically to an antigen
- Specific Immune Response
- T cells are activated by joining to antigen
- Activate B cells to divide by mitosis and differentiate
- Plasma B cells-produce antibodies
- Memory B cells used for future re-infection
- T killer cells produced to kill infected cells
- Plasma B cells-produce antibodies
- Activate B cells to divide by mitosis and differentiate
- T cells are activated by joining to antigen
- Types of Immunity
- Passive
- Antibodies received from elsewhere (mother/antiserum)
- Doesn't require exposure
- Immediate protection
- No memory cells produced
- Short term
- Antibodies received from elsewhere (mother/antiserum)
- Active
- Provided by memory cells from a primary response to pathogen
- Requires exposure
- Takes time
- Memory cells produced
- Long term
- Provided by memory cells from a primary response to pathogen
- Passive
- Vaccination Ethics
- Testing on animals
- Would human testing be justified?
- Who is it available to? Third world countries?
- Risk of side effects VS Possible of benefit
- Compulsory?
- Testing on animals
- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Uses:
- Research
- Immunoassays
- Diagnosis
- Research
- ELISA
- Indirect
- Direct
- Indirect
- Uses:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- HIV causes T helper cells to die and decrease in number so the immune system is weakened
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-accumulation of many various diseases
- Symptoms:
- Low number of T Helper cells
- One of more infections
- Increased risk of cancers
- Severe body wasting
- Low number of T Helper cells
- Symptoms:
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-accumulation of many various diseases
- HIV causes T helper cells to die and decrease in number so the immune system is weakened
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