Facture in the arm

Anatomy of the arm
1. Compartments of the arm
  1. Anterior Compartment
    1. Biceps
    2. Brachialis
    3. Coracobrachialis
  2. Posterior Compartment
    1. Triceps
2. Elbow region
3. Humerus
Risk factors for falling
1. Old age
2. Living alone
3. Previous falls
4. Chronic illness ,neuromuscular
5. Medications
6. Use of walker
7. Reduced vision
Types of fracture
1. Twisting force = spiral fracture
2. Compression force = short oblique fracture
3. Bending = triangular 'butter-fly‘ fragment
4. Tension force = Transverse
Complication of fracture
1. General
  1. Shock
  2. ARDS
  3. Fat embolism
  4. Head, chest, abdomen and pelvic injuries
  5. Crush syndrome
  6. Tetanus
  7. Gas gangrene
  8. DVT/PE
  9. Bed sores
  10. Depression
  11. Vascular or neurological lesions
2. Local
  1. Early
    1. Visceral injury
    2. Vascular injury
    3. Nerve injury
    4. Haemarthrosis
    5. Compartment syndrome
  2. Late
    1. Delayed union
    2. Non-union
    3. Mal-union
    4. Tendon rupture
    5. Myositisossificans
    6. Osteonecrosis
    7. Algodystrophy
    8. Osteoarthritis and joint stiffness
Managements of fracture
1. Casts
  1. Holds a broken bone in place as it heals
  2. Prevent or decrease muscle contractions, and are effective at providing immobilization, especially after surgery.
  3. Casts immobilize the joint above and the joint below the area that is to be kept straight and without motion.
  4. What is it made up of?
    1. Hard part of the cast
      1. Plaster (white in color)
      2. Fiberglass
    2. Inside of the cast
      1. Cotton and other synthetic materials
  5. Types of Casts
2. Physiotherapy
  1. Importance
    1. Some complications are not detectable by doctors but can be detected by physiotherapist & physiotherapy prevents atrophy of the muscles
  2. Includes
    1. Massage
    2. Ice therapy
    3. Scar management
    4. Exercise
    5. Joint manual therapy
    6. Balance and control walking
    7. Return to sport preparatory work.
    8. Lasers and ultrasound.
    9. Structured and progressive regime.
Bone Healing
1. Healing is faster in bone than in cartilage due to lack of blood vessels in cartilage
2. Clinical treatment
  1. Fracture Fixation
    1. External fixation
      1. Used for fractures that are too unstable for a cast. You can shower and use the hand gently with the external fixator in place.
    2. Internal fixation
      1. Surgical procedure that stabilizes and joins the ends of fractured (broken) bones by mechanical devices such as metal plates, pins, rods, wires or screws.
    3. Frame fixation
      1. Allows correction of deformities by moving the pins in relation to the frame.
  2. Reduction of Fractures
    1. Closed reduction = restore pieces to normal position by manipulation
    2. Open reduction = realignment during surgery
    3. Surgical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment
    4. Aim
      1. To regain normal lenght & alignment

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Facture in the arm

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	Created by amna mohd almost 8 years ago