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810194
Psychology Investigations OCR Advantages and Disadvantages
Description
a level Psychology Mind Map on Psychology Investigations OCR Advantages and Disadvantages, created by Georgia Stokes on 30/04/2014.
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psychology
a level
Mind Map by
Georgia Stokes
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Georgia Stokes
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Psychology Investigations OCR Advantages and Disadvantages
Self-Report
Advantages
Questionnaires are a quick and cheap way of gathering lots of data, especially quantitative
Can access people's thoughts and feelings (which observation cannot)
Disadvantages
Demand Characteristics: social desirability (lowers validity)
People may lie, they therefore lack validity
Interviews
Advantages
Over questionnaires, In an unstructured interview further questions can be asked, there is flexibility
Gives rise to rich qualitative data
Disadvantages
Compared to questionnaires, they are not as easy to analyse
Experimenter effect (a demand characteristic) which lowers validity
Unstructured interviews require trained interviewers, expensive
Observations
Disadvantages
Lack of control, therefore not reliable
Demand characteristics (if overt)
Ethical issues if covert
Advantages
High in ecological validity
No demand characteristics (if covert)
Experiments
Advantages
Standardised procedure therefore replicable
High level of control over extraneous variables
Can establish cause and effect by controlling extraneous variables
Disadvantages
Lack of ecological validity
Demand characteristics as situation is artificial, affecting validity
Ethical issues of deception (especially in social psychology)
Tend to be snapshot studies therefore reductionist
Field Studies
Advantages
High in ecological validity
Low in demand characteristics (if covert)
Disadvantages
Ethical issues (if covert)
High in demand characteristics (if overt)
Lack of control lowers validity
Case Studies
Advantages
Give rise to rich qualitative data
Although unscientific, just one case study can be used to disprove a theory
See development over time
Disadvantages
Cannot generalise as only one participant
Subjectivity may become a problem over time
Ethical issues with long term and intense involvement
Lack of control. Cannot be replicated
Quasi Experiments
Disadvantages
Lack of control makes it more difficult to establish cause and effect
Presence of extraneous variables may lower validity
May be difficult to obtain a large enough sample
Advantages
Ecologically valid as variables are naturally occuring
Ethical issues with manipulation are aviod
Longitudinal Studies
Advantages
Can see development over time
Often case studies so plenty of rich qualitative data
Contributes to nurture side of nature/nurture debate
ecologically valid
Disadvantages
Lack of control over variables lowers validity
lack of control lowers replicability
Subject attrition: subjects may drop out
Ethical Issues with long term involvement
Repeated Measures
Advantages
Controls for individual differences
Need fewer participants
Disadvantages
Demand characteristics/ transparency lowers validity
Order effects: fatigue, boredom, practice lower validity
Can't use exactly the same test so need to find one of same difficulty
Correlations
Advantages
Investigates if there is a link between 2 variables, can act as pilot study
Avoids ethical and practical issues with manipulation
Ecologically valid
Disadvantages
Cannot establish cause and effect
Cannot control extraneous variables which may affect correlation
Deception
Disadvantages
Unethical
May discourage people from participating in research
Advantages
Can increase validity
Can increase ecological validity
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