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841911
Rivers, Floods and Management 2
Description
Landforms rejuvenation physical factors and causes
Mind Map by
merrettn
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
merrettn
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Rivers, Floods and Management 2
River Landforms
Waterfalls
Bands of hard and soft rock - the soft rock is eroded easier and causes a step
Vertical erosion of soft rock causes waterfall
Plunge pool and undercutting is caused - this causes a gorge
Potholes
Small circular hollows in the river bed
Formed by abrasion as turbulence swirls a rivers bedload in circular motion, this causes an increased erosion
Rapids
Steep sections of river with turbulent flow where several sections of hard rock are present
Levees
Natural, raised embankments formed as a river overflows its banks
During a flood material is deposited as energy is lost, the heaviest is dropped first closest to the river bank
Braiding
When a rivers velocity drops, it deposits material in the channel, this causes it to be divided into smaller winding channels
Floodplains
When a river overflows its banks, the friction increases, this causes it to lose energy and thus depositing its fine silt across the flood plain
Deltas
When a river reaches a slow moving sea or lake, the energy is absorbed and material is deposited
MEANDERS
ALTERNATING POOLS AND RIFFLES at equally spaced intervals
GREATER ENERGY IN DEEPER AREAS SO MORE EROSION OCCURS
CONCENTRATED FLOW IS CAUSED ON ONE SIDE
TURBELANCE INCREASES AND HELIOIDAL FLOW OCCURS ( corkscrew effect)
Erosion in deep end and deposition in shallow end due to loss of energy
Rejuvenation
When a river gains more energy by movement of the sea level or ground level
Rise in Ground level
Fall in Sea Level
Knickpoints - sharp change in gradient
Can form Waterfalls
River Terraces
Former flood plains which have been left above the level of present-day flooding following increased vertical erosion
Incised Meanders
When a river keeps its meandering course as the vertical erosion increases. Deep, winding valleys with steep sides.
Causes of Flooding
Sparse Vegetation
Less Interception occurs so more discharge
Impermeable Ground
Infiltration cant occur so more surface runoff an more discharge
Steep slopes means the water reaches the river channel quicker
High Drainage density
Short Lag time, increasing discharge
Climate Change
Monsoon Weather
Media attachments
meander_formation (image/jpg)
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