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8490298
Janice’s Painful Knee
Description
Mind Map on Janice’s Painful Knee, created by Noree Alii on 09/04/2017.
Mind Map by
Noree Alii
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Noree Alii
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Janice’s Painful Knee
Anatomy of knee joint
Bones
Femur, tibia, and patella
Ligaments
Extra- capsular
LCL, MCL, Oblique popliteal
Intra-capsular
ACL, PCL, Transverse, Posterior meniscofemoral
Menisci
Medial and lateral
Blood supply
Anastomosis of the Knee joint
Formed by 10 branches
Bursa
Structure of cartilage
Cells
Chondroblasts + Chondrocytes
Matrix
Ground substance + elastic and collagen fibres
Types
Hyaline cartilage
collagen and elastic fibres are present in equal amounts
Supports and reinforces
Found in: fatal skeleton, articular surfaces, costal cartilage, and cartilage of nose, trachea, and larynx
Elastic cartilage
elastic fibres are present in large amounts
maintains shape and allows flexibility
Found in: external ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
collagen fibres are present in large amounts
strength and ability to absorb compressive shock
Found in: Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis Menisci
Osteoarthritis
Risk factors
Age/sex, disease, genetics, occupation, injury, weight, and muscle weakness
Clinical presentation
pain, stiffness, swelling, tenderness, and crepitus
Pathogenesis
trauma of genetic factors
damage to articular cartilage or failure of abnormal cartilage under normal joint loading
increase water in joint space
Erotion
Eburnation
Bone cysts, osteophytes, sclerosis, and joint space narrowing
Treatment
1st line:
Therapy: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, Tai chi yoga
2nd line:
Medications: Acetaminophen, duloxetine, NSAID
Glucosamine
one of cartilage building blocks
given as supplementation in osteoarthritis
Contraindications:
patients with shellfish allergy, Pregnant women, Cardiovascular disease, Impaired glucose tolerance
3rd line:
Surgeries: Cortisone injection, Joint replacement, Realigning bones, Lubrication injection
Diagnosis
Arthrocentesis, x-ray, blood test, MRI
Complications
Reduced mobility, stress fractures, pinched nerve, osteonecrosis, chondrolysis
Types of Arthritis and diagnostic tests
Rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies.
Fibromyalgia
Blood test (FM/a )
Psoriatic arthritis
Close to gout and rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
joint fluid analysis for uric acid crystals
Septic arthritis
Joint fluid analysis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Kidney and liver assessment or biopsy, Urinalysis,
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Reactive arthiritis
Joint fluid tests (White blood cell count, Infections)
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