Biology!!! Basics!!!

Microscope parts
1. Eyepiece
  1. Iris
2. Rough focus knob
  1. Fine focus knob
3. Base
  1. Light
4. Stage
Microscope basics
1. First inventors
  1. Zacharias Jensen
  2. Hans Jensen
  3. Late 16th centuary
2. Further developers
  1. Charles Hell, 1730
    1. Joseph Lister, 1830
  2. Ernst Leitz, 1863
  3. Carl Zeiss, 1866
3. X3 level of magnification
  1. A cork was first looked at
    1. A light microscope uses light to see an object
    2. An electron microscope fires a beam of electrons to create an image
      1. They cost £500000.
      2. Created by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
  2. The lens is made of magnets
    1. Now possible- X1000000, there are 2 types of electron microscope
Cells
1. Animal cells
  1. Have a membrane
  2. Nerve cell contains axon and transmitts messages
  3. Red blood cell carries oxygen and has a thick outer membrane
  4. Ciliated Epethilia Cells waft germs away and line all cartiries
  5. Ovum has a haploid nucleus and contains nutrients for fertilisation
  6. Sperm, head contains DNA, streamlined for travel, fertilises the ovum
  7. White blood cell fights and protects against disease
2. Plant cells
  1. Cell wall
  2. Palisade cell contains many chloroplasts and absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
  3. Guard cell surrounds each stoma and opens and closes it
  4. Root hair cell absorbs osmosis and has a large surface area
3. Starch in plants
  1. Glycogen in animals
  2. Both energy molecules
4. A tissue is a group of specialised cells
  1. They have a similar structure and fuction
    1. Organs are made of tissues
      1. Sometimes they contain many tissues
        Smooth muscle provides involuntary movement
        Rough muscle provides controlled movement
        Cardaic muscle does not tire and is part of the heart
        As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. This is an antagonistic pair
        Tendons attach muscle to bone
        Ligaments attach bone to bone
        Ball and socket joints
        Hinge joints
        Immovable joints
      2. An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a function
Classifications, etc
1. MRS GREN
  1. Movement
    1. Respiration
      1. Growth
        Reproduction
    2. Sensitivity
      1. Excretion
      2. Nutrition
2. Transverse Section, TS
  1. Horizontal
  2. Longititual Section, LS
    1. Vertical
3. Animalia, all multicellular animals
  1. Plantae, all green plants
  2. Fungi, all moulds, mushrooms, yeast!
  3. Prokaryotae, bacteria, blue-green alagae
  4. Protoctisa, amobea, paramecium
    1. Order of Classification, KPCOFGS
      1. Kingdom
        Phylum
        Class
        Order
        Family
        Genus
        Species
      2. A bionomical name is composed of 2 Latin plants
        Homo Sapien
        Canis Lupis

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Biology!!! Basics!!!

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	Created by Millie Peters Hearn about 7 years ago