90489
Crude Oil, Alkanes and
Alkenes
- Crude Oil
- Mixture of many compunds
- Mainly made of hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen
and Carbon
- Most of the hydrocarbons are Alkanes
- Mixture of many compunds
- Alkanes
- Alkanes are a family of simple hydrocarbons
- Alkanes are always covalently bonded
- General Formula for Alkanes is: C n H 2n+2
- Have no double bonds
- Saturated Molecules, have the maximum
possible single bonds
- Isomers of Alkanes are exactly the
same except that their structure is
different
- Burning Alkanes
- Burn in oxygen or react with Halogens
- In complete combustion it produces Carbon
Dioxide and Water
- In incomplete combustion it produces
Carbon(as soot), Carbon Monoxide and water
- Burn in oxygen or react with Halogens
- Reacting with Halogens
- An alkane will react with a halogen in the presence of UV light
- A substitution reaction occurs
- A substitution reaction occurs
- A substitution reaction is when the Halogen replaces the
Hydrogen in the hydrocarbon
- E.g. Methane + Bromine => Bromomethane + Hydrogen Bromide
- E.g. Methane + Bromine => Bromomethane + Hydrogen Bromide
- An alkane will react with a halogen in the presence of UV light
- The first five Alkanes are:
- Methane CH4
- Ethane C2H6
- Propane C3H8
- Butane C4H10
- Pentane C5H12
- Methane CH4
- Alkanes are a family of simple hydrocarbons
- Cracking
- The process of breaking large alkanes
into smaller ones
- Performed by passing the alkane
over a hot Aluminium Oxide Catalyst
- Cracking an Alkane produces
an Alkene
- E.g. Cracking Propane would
produce Propene
- The process of breaking large alkanes
into smaller ones
- Fractional Distillation
of Crude Oil
- Crude Oil is heated before entering the
Fractionating Column
- The Fractionating Column has a
temperature gradient
- Hottest at the bottom, Coolest at the top
- Hottest at the bottom, Coolest at the top
- Heavier hydrocarbons remain at the bottom,
lighter ones rise
- The height a hydrocarbon reaches corresponds to the
temperature in the column at which it can be condensed
- Crude Oil contains more of the
heavier, less useful alkanes
- Larger alkanes can be converted
into smaller ones via cracking
- Larger alkanes can be converted
into smaller ones via cracking
- Crude Oil is heated before entering the
Fractionating Column
- Alkenes
- Created by
cracking alkanes
- General
formula is 2n+2
- Can be turned into polymers by addition polymerisation
- Created by
cracking alkanes
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