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Mind Map by Molly Hope, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by omorphos
about 9 years ago
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Copied by Molly Hope
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Right realism
- Building blocks of right
realism
- Originated in the 1970's, particularly by
James Q. Wilson, and Ernst van den Haag
(1975)
- It developed as a critique of
sociological theory which had
failed to solve the problem of
crime.
- The basis of Right Realism is a
negative view of human nature,
and suggests that people are
naturally selfish and greedy.
- The basis of Right Realism is a
negative view of human nature,
and suggests that people are
naturally selfish and greedy.
- Originated in the 1970's, particularly by
James Q. Wilson, and Ernst van den Haag
(1975)
- Solutions to crime
- Rational choice
theory
- Developed by
Clarke and Coleman
(1980)
- The theory argues that
criminals will engage in
crime if the benefits
outweigh the costs.
- Increase the costs of crime (increase
the likelihood of being caught and
tougher punishments).
- Increase the costs of crime (increase
the likelihood of being caught and
tougher punishments).
- Developed by
Clarke and Coleman
(1980)
- Crime control should also fall upon
members of the community. For
example, neighbourhood watch.
- This involves responsible parenting and
'active citizens' who challenge anti-social
behaviour
- This involves responsible parenting and
'active citizens' who challenge anti-social
behaviour
- Tough punishment: heavy fines,
sentences and advocation of corporal
(physical) and capital punishment.
- Rational choice
theory
- Theories to crime
- With increased rates of
affluence, crime rates
have soared.
- Key factors to crime increase -
Lack of discipline in education,
decline in the traditional
family
- Rising crime levels reflects ineffective and
inadequate social control. Permissive attitudes
allow self-indulgent and anti-social behaviour.
- Feckless parenting (lacking initiative), absent
fathers, lack of discipline in schools, and liberal
policies of the state have all served to begin to
ferment crime, and leading to incivilities.
- The non-traditional family, especially single
mothers, is viewed as a major factor
- Lack of discipline in schools, a mass media that glamorises deviance and
crime and the decline in the influence of religious values are other
important contributory factors.
- The non-traditional family, especially single
mothers, is viewed as a major factor
- Feckless parenting (lacking initiative), absent
fathers, lack of discipline in schools, and liberal
policies of the state have all served to begin to
ferment crime, and leading to incivilities.
- With increased rates of
affluence, crime rates
have soared.
- Also known as the
new right
- James Q. Wilson and the 'Broken
Window Thesis'
- "Unless ‘incivilities’ (litter, graffiti, noise
levels, vandalism, etc.) are kept
minimal, then wider anti-social
behaviour and more serious crimes will
follow"
- He advocates that the police adopt a
policy of ‘zero-tolerance’ for even
minor crimes (as tried by the Mayor
of New York).
- This reflects Emile Durkheim’s
idea that local informal
controls are crucial for law
and order and A.H. Bottoms’
concept of the ‘tipping’ of
problem housing estates.
- "Unless ‘incivilities’ (litter, graffiti, noise
levels, vandalism, etc.) are kept
minimal, then wider anti-social
behaviour and more serious crimes will
follow"
- James Q. Wilson (1975)
- Wilson argues that there are three key
factors affecting long time crime.
- 1. Number of young
males (typical deviants).
- 2. Cost/benefits of
crime: Rational choice
theory
- 3. Inadequate
socialisation into norms
and values.
- To deal with this he advocates target hardening of
deviant groups and areas through pro-active policing.
- Right Realists blame crime on inadequate or
inappropriate socialisation by key
socialisation agencies in society.
- To deal with this he advocates target hardening of
deviant groups and areas through pro-active policing.
- 3. Inadequate
socialisation into norms
and values.
- 2. Cost/benefits of
crime: Rational choice
theory
- 1. Number of young
males (typical deviants).
- Wilson argues that there are three key
factors affecting long time crime.
- Charles Murray
- He views the underclass as prone to:
criminal tendencies, violence,
illegitimacy and promiscuity,
educational failure and welfare
dependency.
- He argues the underclass are
particularly insufficiently
integrated into society’s
norms and values. He calls the
deviant subcultural values of
the underclass as
‘paternalism’.
- He argues the underclass are
particularly insufficiently
integrated into society’s
norms and values. He calls the
deviant subcultural values of
the underclass as
‘paternalism’.
- He views the underclass as prone to:
criminal tendencies, violence,
illegitimacy and promiscuity,
educational failure and welfare
dependency.
- Van den Haag (1975)
- He adopts a very poor view of humanity as
willing to cheat to ‘get on’ and therefore some
groups need to be controlled for their own
good and that of society.
- Therefore, he argues, it is reasonable
for law and order agencies to target the
poor
- Therefore, he argues, it is reasonable
for law and order agencies to target the
poor
- He advocates a tough penal system of
punishment: corporal and capital.
- Like Durkheim, he
sees punishment as
functional, acting as a
deterrent.
- He adopts a very poor view of humanity as
willing to cheat to ‘get on’ and therefore some
groups need to be controlled for their own
good and that of society.
- Critique of Right realism
- It is influential on Government
policy in both the USA and the UK
- For example 'zero tolerance' has
succesfully been adopted as a policy in
New York
- For example 'zero tolerance' has
succesfully been adopted as a policy in
New York
- Some argue it is a lack of investment in deprived
areas rather than incivilities tat cause crime
- Another argument is that
where zero tolerance is
introduced, this simply shifts
crime to other areas.
- It is easy to pick on scapegoats,
such as single parent families.
- Marxists argue that concentration on minor
offences means that more serious crime gets
ignored by the authorities.
- It is influential on Government
policy in both the USA and the UK
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