Causes and Impacts of Climate Change

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Mind Map on Causes and Impacts of Climate Change, created by Aishwarya Thanabalan on 03/08/2017.
Aishwarya Thanabalan
Mind Map by Aishwarya Thanabalan, updated more than 1 year ago
Aishwarya Thanabalan
Created by Aishwarya Thanabalan over 7 years ago
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Causes and Impacts of Climate Change
  1. Causes
    1. Variations in solar output: -during periods of intense solar magnetic activity, the no. of sunspots increases, higher solar radiation. - higher sunspot activity linked to higher amts of solar radiation emitted. -no.of sunspots rises and falls with an approximate 11 year cycle.
      1. Volcanic eruptions: -when volcano erupts, large amts of carbon dioxide, selfie dioxide, dust and ash are released into the atmosphere. -sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfur-based particles in the atmosphere. these particles reflect solar energy back into space resulting in a cooling influence on regional and global temperatures. -few long term effects on earth's climate.
        1. Greenhouse effect : -natural process by which greenhouse gases trap heat in atmosphere. -water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and halocarbons are greenhouse gases.
          1. Enhanced Greenhouse Effect : -increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to a rise in global temperature. -occurs when human activity causes greenhouse gases to be released at a far greater rate than that of natural emissions of greenhouse gases.
            1. Anthropogenic factors:
              1. Deforestation and associated increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide: - loss of forests due to the removal or clearance of trees in forested areas. trees are felled for wood and are also removed to clear the area for miming activities, grazing of animals, planting of crops and construction of infrastructure. -fewer trees and plants to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to increase in atmosphere. -carbon in soil accumulates through decay of greenhouse gas emissions. increases soil temperature and exposes soil to sunlight increasing soil temperature and rate of carbon oxidation in soil.
                1. Changing land use and associated increase in greenhouse gases: -as population increases, demand for agricultural and industrial land increases. -land use changes contribute to greenhouse gases as more fossil fuels are burnt to meet energy demands. - due to high carbon content, fossil fuels contribute to increase in greenhouse gases by producing large amts of carbon dioxide when burnt.
                  1. Agriculture : -practice of cultivating land, producing crops and raising livestock. -3rd highest contributor to greenhouse gases. -cattle farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions bcos cattle release methane as a waste gas
                    1. Industries: -production of goods and services within a country -secondary industries such as manufacturing involve burning of fossil fuels that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
                      1. Urbanisation : -increasing no. of people live in cities or towns. -large amts of fossil fuels are burnt to provide energy for household activities. -high concentration of transportation contributes to greenhouse gases emitted.
                  2. Impacts
                    1. Sea Level Rise : - increase in the mean height of sea's surface btw high tide and low relative to land -negative impact on humans : threaten low lying areas and islands and ⅔ of world's largest cities in coastal areas at risk bcos of rising sea levels.
                      1. More frequent extreme weather events : - severe and rare weather phenomenon that results in significant economic losses and loss of lives. -etc : heat waves are not visibly destructive nor violent but can kill. -when ppl are subject to extreme heat, vital organs are at risk and results in death when the body cannot cool down. -ocurrence of extreme weather has increased these years, believed to be increasing due to higher land and sea surface temperatures. - high temps result in more water vapour and latent heat in warm atmosphere.
                        1. Spread of some infectious insect-borne diseases: - climate change result in increased temps and rainfall results in insect-borne diseases. - heavy rainfall allow mosquitoes to grow in aquatic habitats resulting in spread of malaria and dengue fever.
                          1. Lengthen the growing season in certain regions: high temp result in growing seasons in some regions
                            1. Advantages: - an increase in the types of crops can be grown in UK. new crops can be cultivated. - production of fruit, soya bean and potatoes projected to increase in China.
                              1. Disadvantages: - In China, production of certain fruits and nuts is reduced as it needs cool weather conditions. - In Canada, the average grain yield has reduced.
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