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Section 3- Plant nutrition and Transport
- Photosynethesis
- Word Equation= Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
- Symbol Equation= 6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Symbol Equation= 6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis is carried out in
plants to make glucose (food)
- Photosynthesis happens inside the chloroplasts
which contain chlorophyll which absorb sunlight and
use its energy to convert absorbed carbon dioxide
and water into glucose
- Leaves are designed for photosynthesis
- Large surface area
- Upper epidermis= transparent so light
can pass through it to the palisade
layer
- Chloroplasts are found in the
palisade layer which is near the top of
the leaf
- Large surface area
- Word Equation= Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
- Rate of Photosynthesis
- Not enough LIGHT slows down the rate of photosynthesis
- Chlorophyll uses light energy to do
photosynthesis
- If light intensity is increased, so is
the rate of photosynthesis
- It only increases it to a certain
point, after that it is not the
limiting factor anymore
- Chlorophyll uses light energy to do
photosynthesis
- Too little CARBON DIOXIDE slows down the rate of photosynthesis
- Co2= 0.04% of atmosphere
- More CO2 increases the rate
of photosynthesis up to a
certain point
- Past this point, CO2 is not the limiting factor anymore
- Past this point, CO2 is not the limiting factor anymore
- Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis
- Co2= 0.04% of atmosphere
- The TEMPERATURE has to be right
- The temperature has to be right
because the enzymes may be
denatured
- As the temperature increases,
so does the rate of
photosynthesis
- Until you reach 37C when the enzymes begin to denature and
stop working...
- Until you reach 37C when the enzymes begin to denature and
stop working...
- The temperature has to be right
because the enzymes may be
denatured
- Not enough LIGHT slows down the rate of photosynthesis
- Testing for starch
- If a plant isn't carrying out photosynthesis
then it isn't making starch (glucose is stored
in plants as starch)
- 1. Kill the leaf by dunking it in boiling water
- 2. Put leaf in boiling tube of ethanol and heat
in water bath. This gets rid of any
chlorophyll that's inside the leaf. (the leaf
will go white)
- 3. Rinse the leaf in cold water and add drops of
iodine solution to test if starch is present. If starch is
present the leaf will turn blue-black
- 3. Rinse the leaf in cold water and add drops of
iodine solution to test if starch is present. If starch is
present the leaf will turn blue-black
- 2. Put leaf in boiling tube of ethanol and heat
in water bath. This gets rid of any
chlorophyll that's inside the leaf. (the leaf
will go white)
- You can see that CO2 is also needed
with this experiment:
- If a plant isn't carrying out photosynthesis
then it isn't making starch (glucose is stored
in plants as starch)
- Minerals for plant growth
- Plants need certain elements to produce important comppounds
- They get these from mineral ions in the soil
- If there aren't enough of these in the soil they will suffer deficiency problems
- If there aren't enough of these in the soil they will suffer deficiency problems
- They get these from mineral ions in the soil
- 1. NITRATES
- Contain NITROGEN for making
AMINO ACIDS and PROTEINS
- needed for CELL GROWTH
- If a plant lacks nitrates it will
have yellow older leaves and
will be small
- Contain NITROGEN for making
AMINO ACIDS and PROTEINS
- 2. PHOSPHATES
- Contain PHOSPHORUS for
making DNA and CELL
MEMBRANES
- Needed for RESPIRATION
and GROWTH
- Plants lacking phosphates will
have poor root growth and purple
older leaves
- Contain PHOSPHORUS for
making DNA and CELL
MEMBRANES
- 3. potassium
- To help the ENZYMES needed for
PHOTOSYNTHESIS and RESPIRATION
- Plants lacking potassium will have
discoloured leaves and poor
flower/fruit growth
- To help the ENZYMES needed for
PHOTOSYNTHESIS and RESPIRATION
- Plants need certain elements to produce important comppounds
- Transport in plants
- Xylem tubes transport water and mineral
salts from the roots up to the leaves in the
transpiration stream
- Phloem tubes transport sugars like sucrose and
amino acids from where they're made (in leaves)
to other parts of the plant. This movement is
known as translocation.
- Root Hairs take in water. The cells are fount on
the root branches in their millions and absorb
water faster due to the increased surface area
- Xylem tubes transport water and mineral
salts from the roots up to the leaves in the
transpiration stream
- Transpiration and Rate
- Transpiration is caused by the evapouration
and diffusion of water from a plants surface.
- In leaves= common
- This evapouration causes creates a slight shortage of
water in the leaf so more water is drawn up the xylem
vessels to replace it
- This means more water is drawn
up from the soil through the roots
so there's a constant transpiration
stream of water through the plant
- This means more water is drawn
up from the soil through the roots
so there's a constant transpiration
stream of water through the plant
- In leaves= common
- Transpiration is a negative affect from the way leaves
are made for photosynthesis. This is because stomata
allow gasses in and out of the leaves but also water
when there's ,more inside the plant than in the air
outside (diffusion)
- Transpiration Rate
- LIGHT INTENSITY
- Brighter= Faster T rate
- Brighter= Faster T rate
- TEMPERATURE
- Warmer= faster T rate
- Warmer= faster T rate
- WIND SPEED
- Higher= greater T rate
- Higher= greater T rate
- HUMIDITY
- Drier air= faster T rate
- Drier air= faster T rate
- Measuring Transpiration Rate
- Potometer
- Potometer
- LIGHT INTENSITY
- Transpiration is caused by the evapouration
and diffusion of water from a plants surface.
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