PART ONE OF TWO Mark's Gospel GCSE RE Complete Notes AQA Specification

introducing the gospel 1 1 This is the Good News about Jesus Christ, the Son of God. the calming of the storm 4 36 So they left the crowd; the disciples got into the boat in which Jesus was already sitting, and they took him with them. Other boats were there too.37 Suddenly a strong wind blew up, and the waves began to spill over into the boat, so that it was about to fill with water.38 Jesus was in the back of the boat, sleeping with his head on a pillow. The disciples woke him up and said, “Teacher, don't you care that we are about to die?”39 Jesus stood up and commanded the wind, “Be quiet!” and he said to the waves, “Be still!” The wind died down, and there was a great calm.40 Then Jesus said to his disciples, “Why are you frightened? Have you still no faith?”41 But they were terribly afraid and said to one another, “Who is this man? Even the wind and the waves obey him!”-traditional view of gospel being written in AD 60, in ROME-sources of the gospel: PETER, THE TWELVE DISCIPLES, DIVINE INSPIRATION, OTHER EYEWITNESSES-reasons for the gospel: key people who knew Jesus and remembered the stories were dying the stories needed to be preserved, persecuted Christians needed strength from Jesus’ life, it was important to have a written record of the events of Jesus’ life-gospel = good news-the extent of the gospel having relevance for Christians today

the baptism 9 Not long afterwards Jesus came from Nazareth in the province of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan.10 As soon as Jesus came up out of the water, he saw heaven opening and the Spirit coming down on him like a dove.11 And a voice came from heaven, “You are my own dear Son. I am pleased with you.” temptation 1 12 At once the Spirit made him go into the desert,13 where he stayed 40 days, being tempted by Satan. Wild animals were there also, but angels came and helped him. Caesarea Philippi 8 27 Then Jesus and his disciples went away to the villages near Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked them, “Tell me, who do people say I am?”28 “Some say that you are John the Baptist,” they answered; “others say that you are Elijah, while others say that you are one of the prophets.”29 “What about you?” he asked them. “Who do you say I am?” Peter answered, “You are the Messiah.”30 Then Jesus ordered them, “Do not tell anyone about me.”31 Then Jesus began to teach his disciples: “The Son of Man must suffer much and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the teachers of the Law. He will be put to death, but three days later he will rise to life.”32 He made this very clear to them. So Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him.33 But Jesus turned round, looked at his disciples, and rebuked Peter. “Get away from me, Satan,” he said. “Your thoughts don't come from God but from human nature!” the transfiguration 9 2 Six days later Jesus took with him Peter, James, and John, and led them up a high mountain, where they were alone. As they looked on, a change came over Jesus,3 and his clothes became shining white — whiter than anyone in the world could wash them.4 Then the three disciples saw Elijah and Moses talking with Jesus.5 Peter spoke up and said to Jesus, “Teacher, how good it is that we are here! We will make three tents, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”6 He and the others were so frightened that he did not know what to say.7 Then a cloud appeared and covered them with its shadow, and a voice came from the cloud, “This is my own dear Son — listen to him!”8 They took a quick look round but did not see anyone else; only Jesus was with them.-know that the above events are called ‘watershed’ moments-know their significance

Jesus’ Suffering, Death and Resurrection the entry into Jerusalem 11 1 As they approached Jerusalem, near the towns of Bethphage and Bethany, they came to the Mount of Olives. Jesus sent two of his disciples on ahead2 with these instructions: “Go to the village there ahead of you. As soon as you get there, you will find a colt tied up that has never been ridden. Untie it and bring it here.3 And if someone asks you why you are doing that, tell him that the Master needs it and will send it back at once.”4 So they went and found a colt out in the street, tied to the door of a house. As they were untying it,5 some of the bystanders asked them, “What are you doing, untying that colt?”6 They answered just as Jesus had told them, and the bystanders let them go.7 They brought the colt to Jesus, threw their cloaks over the animal, and Jesus got on.8 Many people spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches in the fields and spread them on the road.9 The people who were in front and those who followed behind began to shout, “Praise God! God bless him who comes in the name of the Lord!10 God bless the coming kingdom of King David, our father! Praise God!”11 Jesus entered Jerusalem, went into the Temple, and looked round at everything. But since it was already late in the day, he went out to Bethany with the twelve disciples. the anointing at Bethany 14 1 It was now two days before the Festival of Passover and Unleavened Bread. The chief priests and the teachers of the Law were looking for a way to arrest Jesus secretly and put him to death.2 “We must not do it during the festival,” they said, “or the people might riot.”3 Jesus was in Bethany at the house of Simon, a man who had suffered from a dreaded skin disease. While Jesus was eating, a woman came in with an alabaster jar full of a very expensive perfume made of pure nard. She broke the jar and poured the perfume on Jesus' head.4 Some of the people there became angry and said to one another, “What was the use of wasting the perfume?5 It could have been sold for more than 300 silver coins and the money given to the poor!” And they criticized her harshly.6 But Jesus said, “Leave her alone! Why are you bothering her? She has done a fine and beautiful thing for me.7 You will always have poor people with you, and anytime you want to, you can help them. But you will not always have me.8 She did what she could; she poured perfume on my body to prepare it ahead of time for burial.9 Now, I assure you that wherever the gospel is preached all over the world, what she has done will be told in memory of her.”10 Then Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve disciples, went off to the chief priests in order to betray Jesus to them.11 They were pleased to hear what he had to say, and promised to give him money. So Judas started looking for a good chance to hand Jesus over to them. the Last Supper 14 12 On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the day the lambs for the Passover meal were killed, Jesus' disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and get the Passover meal ready for you?”13 Then Jesus sent two of them with these instructions: “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him14 to the house he enters, and say to the owner of the house: ‘The Teacher says, Where is the room where my disciples and I will eat the Passover meal?’15 Then he will show you a large upstairs room, prepared and furnished, where you will get everything ready for us.”16 The disciples left, went to the city, and found everything just as Jesus had told them; and they prepared the Passover meal.17 When it was evening, Jesus came with the twelve disciples.18 While they were at the table eating, Jesus said, “I tell you that one of you will betray me — one who is eating with me.”19 The disciples were upset and began to ask him, one after the other, “Surely you don't mean me, do you?”20 Jesus answered, “It will be one of you twelve, one who dips his bread in the dish with me.21 The Son of Man will die as the Scriptures say he will; but how terrible for that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would have been better for that man if he had never been born!”22 While they were eating, Jesus took a piece of bread, gave a prayer of thanks, broke it, and gave it to his disciples. “Take it,” he said, “this is my body.”23 Then he took a cup, gave thanks to God, and handed it to them; and they all drank from it.24 Jesus said, “This is my blood which is poured out for many, my blood which seals God's covenant.25 I tell you, I will never again drink this wine until the day I drink the new wine in the Kingdom of God.” Jesus in Gethsemane 14 32 They came to a place called Gethsemane, and Jesus said to his disciples, “Sit here while I pray.”33 He took Peter, James, and John with him. Distress and anguish came over him,34 and he said to them, “The sorrow in my heart is so great that it almost crushes me. Stay here and keep watch.”35 He went a little farther on, threw himself on the ground, and prayed that, if possible, he might not have to go through that time of suffering.36 “Father,” he prayed, “my Father! All things are possible for you. Take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet not what I want, but what you want.”37 Then he returned and found the three disciples asleep. He said to Peter, “Simon, are you asleep? Weren't you able to stay awake even for one hour?”38 And he said to them, “Keep watch, and pray that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”39 He went away once more and prayed, saying the same words.40 Then he came back to the disciples and found them asleep; they could not keep their eyes open. And they did not know what to say to him.41 When he came back the third time, he said to them, “Are you still sleeping and resting? Enough! The hour has come! Look, the Son of Man is now being handed over to the power of sinners.42 Get up, let us go. Look, here is the man who is betraying me!”43 Jesus was still speaking when Judas, one of the twelve disciples, arrived. With him was a crowd armed with swords and clubs, and sent by the chief priests, the teachers of the Law, and the elders.44 The traitor had given the crowd a signal: “The man I kiss is the one you want. Arrest him and take him away under guard.”45 As soon as Judas arrived, he went up to Jesus and said, “Teacher!” and kissed him.46 So they arrested Jesus and held him tight.47 But one of those standing there drew his sword and struck at the High Priest's slave, cutting off his ear.48 Then Jesus spoke up and said to them, “Did you have to come with swords and clubs to capture me, as though I were an outlaw?49 Day after day I was with you teaching in the Temple, and you did not arrest me. But the Scriptures must come true.”50 Then all the disciples left him and ran away.51 A certain young man, dressed only in a linen cloth, was following Jesus. They tried to arrest him,52 but he ran away naked, leaving the cloth behind. the trials before the Jewish council 14 53 Then Jesus was taken to the High Priest's house, where all the chief priests, the elders, and the teachers of the Law were gathering.54 Peter followed from a distance and went into the courtyard of the High Priest's house. There he sat down with the guards, keeping himself warm by the fire.55 The chief priests and the whole Council tried to find some evidence against Jesus in order to put him to death, but they could not find any.56 Many witnesses told lies against Jesus, but their stories did not agree.57 Then some men stood up and told this lie against Jesus:58 “We heard him say, ‘I will tear down this Temple which men have made, and after three days I will build one that is not made by men.’ ”59 Not even they, however, could make their stories agree.60 The High Priest stood up in front of them all and questioned Jesus, “Have you no answer to the accusation they bring against you?”61 But Jesus kept quiet and would not say a word. Again the High Priest questioned him, “Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed God?”62 “I am,” answered Jesus, “and you will all see the Son of Man seated on the right of the Almighty and coming with the clouds of heaven!”63 The High Priest tore his robes and said, “We don't need any more witnesses!64 You heard his blasphemy. What is your decision?” They all voted against him: he was guilty and should be put to death.65 Some of them began to spit on Jesus, and they blindfolded him and hit him. “Guess who hit you!” they said. And the guards took him and slapped him. the trials before Pilate 15 1 Early in the morning the chief priests met hurriedly with the elders, the teachers of the Law, and the whole Council, and made their plans. They put Jesus in chains, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate.2 Pilate questioned him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered, “So you say.”3 The chief priests were accusing Jesus of many things,4 so Pilate questioned him again, “Aren't you going to answer? Listen to all their accusations!”5 Again Jesus refused to say a word, and Pilate was amazed.6 At every Passover Festival Pilate was in the habit of setting free any one prisoner the people asked for.7 At that time a man named Barabbas was in prison with the rebels who had committed murder in the riot.8 When the crowd gathered and began to ask Pilate for the usual favour,9 he asked them, “Do you want me to set free for you the king of the Jews?”10 He knew very well that the chief priests had handed Jesus over to him because they were jealous.11 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to ask, instead, for Pilate to set Barabbas free for them.12 Pilate spoke again to the crowd, “What, then, do you want me to do with the one you call the king of the Jews?”13 They shouted back, “Crucify him!”14 “But what crime has he committed?” Pilate asked. They shouted all the louder, “Crucify him!”15 Pilate wanted to please the crowd, so he set Barabbas free for them. Then he had Jesus whipped and handed him over to be crucified.16 The soldiers took Jesus inside to the courtyard of the governor's palace and called together the rest of the company.17 They put a purple robe on Jesus, made a crown out of thorny branches, and put it on his head.18 Then they began to salute him: “Long live the King of the Jews!”19 They beat him over the head with a stick, spat on him, fell on their knees, and bowed down to him.20 When they had finished mocking him, they took off the purple robe and put his own clothes back on him. Then they led him out to crucify him. the crucifixion 21 21 On the way they met a man named Simon, who was coming into the city from the country, and the soldiers forced him to carry Jesus' cross. (Simon was from Cyrene and was the father of Alexander and Rufus.)22 They took Jesus to a place called Golgotha, which means “The Place of the Skull”.23 There they tried to give him wine mixed with a drug called myrrh, but Jesus would not drink it.24 Then they crucified him and divided his clothes among themselves, throwing dice to see who would get which piece of clothing.25 It was nine o'clock in the morning when they crucified him.26 The notice of the accusation against him said: “The King of the Jews”.27 They also crucified two bandits with Jesus, one on his right and the other on his left.29 People passing by shook their heads and hurled insults at Jesus: “Aha! You were going to tear down the Temple and build it up again in three days!30 Now come down from the cross and save yourself!”31 In the same way the chief priests and the teachers of the Law jeered at Jesus, saying to each other, “He saved others, but he cannot save himself!32 Let us see the Messiah, the king of Israel, come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him!” And the two who were crucified with Jesus insulted him also.33 At noon the whole country was covered with darkness, which lasted for three hours.(Death Of Jesus 35)34 At three o'clock Jesus cried out with a loud shout, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why did you abandon me?”35 Some of the people there heard him and said, “Listen, he is calling for Elijah!”36 One of them ran up with a sponge, soaked it in cheap wine, and put it on the end of a stick. Then he held it up to Jesus' lips and said, “Wait! Let us see if Elijah is coming to bring him down from the cross!”37 With a loud cry Jesus died.38 The curtain hanging in the Temple was torn in two, from top to bottom.39 The army officer who was standing there in front of the cross saw how Jesus had died. “This man was really the Son of God!” he said.40 Some women were there, looking on from a distance. Among them were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of the younger James and of Joseph, and Salome.41 They had followed Jesus while he was in Galilee and had helped him. Many other women who had come to Jerusalem with him were there also.(Burial of Jesus 42)42–43 It was towards evening when Joseph of Arimathea arrived. He was a respected member of the Council, who was waiting for the coming of the Kingdom of God. It was Preparation day (that is, the day before the Sabbath), so Joseph went boldly into the presence of Pilate and asked him for the body of Jesus.44 Pilate was surprised to hear that Jesus was already dead. He called the army officer and asked him if Jesus had been dead a long time.45 After hearing the officer's report, Pilate told Joseph he could have the body.46 Joseph bought a linen sheet, took the body down, wrapped it in the sheet, and placed it in a tomb which had been dug out of solid rock. Then he rolled a large stone across the entrance to the tomb.47 Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joseph were watching and saw where the body of Jesus was placed. the empty tomb 16 1 After the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices to go and anoint the body of Jesus.2 Very early on Sunday morning, at sunrise, they went to the tomb.3–4 On the way they said to one another, “Who will roll away the stone for us from the entrance to the tomb?” (It was a very large stone.) Then they looked up and saw that the stone had already been rolled back.5 So they entered the tomb, where they saw a young man sitting on the right, wearing a white robe — and they were alarmed.6 “Don't be alarmed,” he said. “I know you are looking for Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He is not here — he has been raised! Look, here is the place where they put him.7 Now go and give this message to his disciples, including Peter: ‘He is going to Galilee ahead of you; there you will see him, just as he told you.’ ”8 So they went out and ran from the tomb, distressed and terrified. They said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid. the resurrection appearances 16 After Jesus rose from death early on Sunday, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had driven out seven demons. She went and told his companions. They were mourning and crying and when they heard her say that Jesus was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe her. After this, Jesus appeared in a different manner to two of them while they were on their way to the county. They returned and told the others, but they would not believe it.14 Last of all, Jesus appeared to the eleven disciples as they were eating. He scolded them, because they did not have faith and because they were too stubborn to believe those who had seen him alive, He said to them “Go throughout the whole world and preach the gospel to the whole human race. Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved; whoever does not believe will be condemned. Believers will be given the power to perform miracles: they will drive out demons in my name; they will speak in strange tongues; if they pick up snakes or drink any poison they will not be harmed; they will place their hands on sick people, who will get well.” After the Lord Jesus had talked with them, he was taken up to heaven and sat at the right side of God. The disciples went and preached everywhere, and the Lord worked with them and proved that their preaching was true by the miracles that were performed. -understand the debate over the ending of the gospel:Scholars agree that Mark is the earliest gospelIt is also the shortest gospel and ends so deficiently that scholars decided to finish it offThe additional verses version has been used and treasured since people loved it so muchThe forger took the endings from Matthew, Luke and John, and compiled a 'suitable' ending.Mark's actual ending, however, does reflect the faith that Jesus has been 'raised' up, it is parallel to the 'lost' gospel of Peter in stating that Jesus only appeared to the disciples at their houses. -significance of the events

1. Background to Mark's Gospel

2. Jesus' Ministry