CHS Grade 10 History Final Notes

Chapter 24Explain causes and effects of imperialismCauses Raw material - caused imperialism because nations wanted to gain raw material for their newly developed factories.Manufactured goods - caused imperialism because nations wanted to gain markets to sell their goods.White mans Burden - caused imperialism because nations felt like it was their duty to "civilize" nations in Africa and Asia.Civilization - caused imperialism becausenations believed they were more civilized than othersDemocracy - caused imperialism because nations hoped to spread their government ideasManifest Destiny - caused imperialism because because they believed that America was destined to spread from sea to sea. (US Imperealism)EffectsThe positive effects were : the introduction of new technologies, improved transportation, introduction of new and better education systems and the introduction of new crops.The negative effects were : forced labor, economic exploitation and racism.

Chapter 24 Know how the Berlin Conference reshaped African Continent It created political boundaries in Africa according to European colonial desires and neglected to take into account African ethnicity or religious groups. These colonies were run by Europeans until African countries starting gaining their independence, but the political boundaries (for the most part) remained similar to the boundaries outlined by the Berlin Conference

Chapter 24 Explain the long term consequences of European imperialism in Africa and around the world. Long term consequences were - economic exploitation of people and land - large-scale deforestation and general environmental degradation - large-scale loss of wildlife - forced labour akin to slavery - gross human rights abuses including forced 'resettlement' into reserves (much like the ghettos of Europe) and detention camps which were the British version of concentration camps. - systematic destruction of culture, religion and political structures. - on leaving, most colonialists left a system where our natural resources are 'owned' and controlled by Western companies leading to poverty and unfair trade practices. When the buyer dictates the buying price, the seller has no meaningful power. The cycle of poverty continues. - economic apartheid, where the locals were only allowed to advance to a certain level and all the top jobs were reserved for Europeans. - western habits and foods have reduced the reliance on traditional foods etc and obesity, diabetes and other life-style related diseases are on the rise. - tribalism used by the colonialists to 'divide and conquer' continues to plague us todate. - colonial governments and legals systems were usually corrupt and structured to subjugate the masses. These same systems were handed over on independence and continue to spread poverty and misery across the land. - better scienctific & technological advances have helped in development and reducing mortality rates

Chapter 24Know how European powers expanding their power in Muslim regions of the world.Through a combination of diplomacy and military threats, European nations won treaties giving them favorable trading terms and demanded special rights for Europeans residing in Muslim lands

Chapter 24 Explain how the British expanded their authority and control in India The British who came to India as traders realized that in order to obtain the optimum profits from Indian trade, they have to secure political power, backed by force. The British knew what they did was morally and ethically incorrect and to justify their action, they used ideological bases to brainwash the natives of India and the world that what they did in India was in the interest of the progress and development of India and it was their ‘white man’s burden’ to ‘civilize India’ from a historical barbarian rule of the earlier centuries of Indian polity and culture

CHAPTER 25

CHAPTER 24

Describe the reason Japan attempted to mondernize in the 19th century. Japan didn't attempt to mondernize, Japan did mondernize .Well, they were basically forced to. Or rather they did not see much choice in the matter. However, there was still strong opposition to doing so, which led to a brief civil war and a total change of government.Japan was not totally unaware of advances in Western technology, since they had ongoing contact with the Dutch even during their period of isolation. But when the black ships (what foreign vessels were called) showed up on their shores, especially U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry's fleet in 1853, to ask (or demand) that Japan open its ports to trade and restocking of ships from other countries, it was a huge shock to many people just how advanced the technology was, especially in shipbuilding and weaponry.

What was a result of the Meiji restoration? They abolished the four-tiered class structure; established a modern conscript army that used western-style uniforms, weapons and tactics in place of the smaurai; ordered universal elementary education for boys and girls; and set out to improve manufacturing in Japan, which had been based on textiles and other such goods, shifting instead to heavy machinery and weapons manufacturing. In 1889, the emperor issued the Meiji Constitution, which made Japan into a constitutional monarchy modeled on Prussia.

Chapter 26

Explain the causes of WWI in detail . Mutual Defense Alliances :Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. These treaties meant that if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia Germany and Austria-Hungary France and Russia Britain and France and Belgium Japan and Britain Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies. 2. Imperialism Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of contention amongst the European countries. This was especially true because of the raw materials these areas could provide. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into World War I. 3. Militarism As the world entered the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. 4. Nationalism Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power. 5. Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand The immediate cause of World War I that made the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination ofArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian-nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand sent groups to assassinate the Archduke. Their first attempt failed when a driver avoided a grenade thrown at their car. However, later that day a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia. Thus began the expansion of the war to include all those involved in the mutual defense alliances.