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Matthew T
Mind Map by , created more than 1 year ago

A mind map summarising all the key details of the Weimar Republic 1918-33 for EdExcel GCSE History A Unit 2: Modern World Depth Study - Germany.

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Matthew T
Created by Matthew T almost 11 years ago
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The Weimar Republic 1918-33

The Weimar Republic 1918-33OriginsAbdication of Kaiser Wilhelm IIRevolution with sailors inKiel"Turnip winter" 1917-18 - littlefoodDefeat to AlliesimminentFlu epidemicChancellor Ebert signed thearmisticeWeimarConstitutionBicameral - Reichstag andReichsratSecret ballot + universal suffrage(men + women over 20)President - head of state,Chancellor - head of affairsProportional representation - although each vote counted,led to small parties + coalitions (weak governments)Article 48 - allowed President to rule bydecreeArmy + judges opposed torepublicEarly weaknesses,1919-20Treaty ofVersaillesAssociation of governmentwith humiliation"November Criminals" - nickname fromoppositionDolchstoss - government "stabbed inthe back" German armyReparations further crippled economy - especially asSaarland had been removedSpartacist Revolution1919Wanted a similar revolution toBolshevik revolution in 1917Communist -left-wingKarl Liebknecht + Rosa Luxemburg tookpower in Berlin + Baltic portsBavaria: independent socialist state ledby Kurt EisnerCrushed by the Freikorps(ex-soldiers)Kapp Putsch1920Nationalist -right-wingWanted a strong, autocraticgovernmentWolfgang Kapp + Freikorps seizedpower in BerlinGovernment fled but encouragedstrikes - capital stoppedKapp had little support andfledEconomic crisis,1923Ruhr invasionGermany missed second reparationspaymentFrance + Belgium senttroops to take goods in kindPassive resistance encouraged - invasionstoppedBut economy stoppedtoo...HyperinflationDue to passive resistance, more + more moneyprintedBy 1923, $1 = 4.2bnmarksCost of living outstripped income - no food orfuelWorkers paidtwice/daySavings and pensionsworthlessBusinessmen and borrowersprofitedStresemann's reforms in the GoldenEraStresemann - GermanChancellorEconomicreformRentenmark - temporaryreplacement of old markReset Reichsmark by goldstandardDawes Plan 1924 - US loans in exchange forsliding scale of reparationsYoung Plan 1929 -reparations cut by 67%Leading industrial power1930PoliticalreformGovernments morestableModerate parties (Social Democrats, Centre Partyetc.)Extremists unpopular (Nazis, Communistsetc.)Foreign policyreform1925 Locarno Pacts - bordersguaranteed1926 entered League of Nations -permanent seat on Council1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact - peaceful solutions todisputeCultural floweringFilm: Marlene Dietrich,Fritz LangPhilosophy: Theodor Adorno,Martin HeideggerScience: WernerHeisenberg, Albert EinsteinArt: Walter Gropius (Bauhaus),Otto Dix, Paul KleeMusic: Arnold SchoenbergLiterature and theatre: ErichMaria Remarque, Bertolt BrechtProblems 1924-33Dependent on US loans -"dancing on a volcano"Agricultural output fellPresident Hindenburgopposed to RepublicWall Street Crash 1929 - loans recalledUnemployment rose to 4mn by 1930Extremist parties (particularly Nazis) rose to powerDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node