URL: https://www.espressoenglish.net/english-sentence-structure-4-types-of-english-sentences/
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Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains one independent clause.
What’s an “independent clause”? It’s one subject followed by one verb or verb phrase. It expresses a single idea.
Examples of simple sentences:
I‘m happy.
Robert doesn’t eat meat.
My brother and I went to the mall last night.
This new laptop computer has already crashed twice.
Notice that a “simple sentence” isn’t necessarily short. The subject can be a single word like “I” or “Robert,” or it can be a double subject like “my brother and I,” or it can be multiple words describing a single person/object, like “This new laptop computer.”
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence has two independent clauses joined by a linking word (and, but, or, so, yet, however).
Each independent clause could be a sentence by itself, but we connect them with a linking word:
I‘m happy, but my kids are always complaining.
Robert doesn’t eat meat, so Barbara made a special vegetarian dish for him.
My brother and I went to the mall last night, but we didn’t buy anything.
This new laptop computer has already crashed twice, and I have no idea why.
Note that each sentence has TWO subjects and TWO verb phrases.
Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
A dependent clause cannot be a complete sentence by itself.
I’m happy, even though I don’t make much money.
Robert, a friend I’ve known since high school, doesn’t eat meat.
After getting home from work, my brother and I went to the mall last night.
This new laptop computer, which I bought yesterday, has already crashed twice.
Compound-Complex Sentence
A compound-complex sentence contains 3 or more clauses: 2 independent and at least 1 dependent clause.
I’m happy, even though I don’t make much money, but my kids are always complaining since we can’t afford to buy the newest toys.
Independent clauses: “I’m happy” and “my kids are always complaining”
Dependent clauses: “even though I don’t make much money” and “since we can’t afford to buy the newest toys”
Linking word: “but”
Robert, a friend I’ve known since high school, doesn’t eat meat – so Barbara made a special vegetarian dish for him.
Independent clauses: “Robert doesn’t eat meat” and “Barbara made a special vegetarian dish for him”
Dependent clause: “a friend I’ve known since high school”
Linking word: “so”
After getting home from work, my brother and I went to the mall last night, while my sister stayed home and studied.
Independent clauses: “My brother and I went to the mall last night” and “my sister stayed home and studied”
Dependent clause: “After getting home from work”
Linking word: “while”
This new laptop computer, which I bought yesterday, has already crashed twice; however, I have no idea why.
Independent clauses: “This new laptop computer has already crashed twice” and “I have no idea why”
Dependent clause: “which I bought yesterday”
Linking word: “however”
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