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| Questão | Responda |
| Which parts of the brain makes up the brainstem? | 1. midbrain 2. pons 3. medulla |
| Which 3 functions does the brainstem conduct? | 1. receives sensory input from cranial structures and controls muscles of the head 2. serves as a conduit of information flow (ascending and descending tracts) 3. integrates information from other sources |
| Key function of medulla | Blood pressure, respiration regulation |
| Key function of pons and midbrain | eye movement |
| Principal functions of the cerebellum: | 1. regulate eye and limb movement 2. posture and balance 3. some contribution to language, cognition, emotion |
| The diencephalon consists of _______ and ______. | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus controls _________ release in the ______ gland and overall function of the _________ system. | The hypothalamus controls [endocrine hormone] release in the [pituitary] gland and overall function of the [autonomic nervous] system. |
| What are the four landmarks in the dorsal brainstem? | 1. dorsal column 2. dorsal column tubercles 3. 4th ventricle 4. colliculi |
| Lable the picture. [insert numbered picture of ventral brainstem here] | NA |
| Lable the picture. [insert numbered picture of dorsal brainstem here] | NA |
| Four key structures in the ventral brainstem. | 1. basis pedunculi 2. base of pons 3. olives 4. pyramids |
| Pyramids are the location for the axons of ___________. | corticospinal tract |
| Neurons in the _____ and ______ are major sources of afferent information to the cerebellum. | Neurons in the [olives] and [base of pons] are major sources of afferent information to the cerebellum. |
| The central core of the brainstem contains neurons that regulate _______. | Arousal. |
| Lable the picture [ insert cross-sections of medulla] | NA |
| At the spinal-medullary junction, the most prominent feature is the ____________. It is where the _____ decussates. It results in one side of the brain controlling the opposite side of the body. | 1. Pyramidal decussation 2. corticospinal |
| Dorsal column nuclei relates ______ sensation to ________. | Dorsal column nuclei relates [touch] sensation to [thalamus]. |
| The landmarks of dorsal midmedulla are _____________ and __________. | Gracilis tubercle Cuneate tubercle |
| The floor of the 4th ventricle includes: | 1. rostral medulla 2. dorsal surface of pons |
| The roof of 4th ventricle is formed by | cerebellum |
| Neurons in the pontine nuclei transmitt information from _____ to _________. | From cerebral cortex to cerebellum |
| Three parts of the midbrain from dorsal to ventral | tectum --> tegmentum --> basis pedunculi |
| tegmentum + basis pedunculi = | cerebral peduncle |
| In the tectum there are 4 key landmarks called _________ | colliculi |
| Superior colliculi control _________ movement while inferior colliculi are important in _______ | Superior: saccadic eye movement inferior: hearing |
| The __________ is found at the border of tegmentum and tectum. It is surrounded by __________ which is important in pain suppression. | The [cerebral aqueduct] is found at the border of tegmentum and tectum. It is surrounded by [periaqueductal grey] which is important in pain suppression. |
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