Spinal Pathologies and Appearances

Questão	Responda
Clay Shoveler's Fracture	Definition: Avulsion fracture(s) on the spinous processes of C6-T1. Causes: hyperflexion Image: Clay Shovelers (binary/octet-stream)
Compression Fracture	Definition: the collapse of a vertebral body most often in the thoracic/lumbar regions. The anterior edge collapses, changing the shape of the verebral body into a wedge instead of a block. Causes: often associated with osteoporosis. Results from flexion / axial loading Image: Compression Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Hangman's Fracture	Definition: extends through the pedicles of C2 with out without subluxation of C2 on C3. Unstable if alive. Causes: occurs when neck is subjected to extreme hypertension. Image: Hangmans Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Jefferson's Fracture	Definition: comminuted fracture where the anterior and posterior arches of C1 are fractured as the skull slams onto the ring. Causes: axial loading Image: Jeffersons Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Odontoid Fracture	Definition: involves the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1. - Type I: avulsion fracture and involves only the tip. Mostly stable - Type II: most common, fracture through the base/waist of C2 - Type III: fracture extends into the body of the C2 vertebrae Image: Odontoid Fractures (binary/octet-stream)
Teardrop Burst Fracture	Definition: vertebral body is comminuted with triangular fragments avulsed from the anteroinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal. Most commonly have neurological damage. Cause: compression with hyperflexion Image: Teardrop Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Rotational Injury	Definition: injury involving complex forces causing injury onto the head of neck.When they involve hyperflexion, complex fractures to the interarticularis and pedicles may occur. A 'jumped facet(s)' phenomenon may occur unilaterally or bilaterally.
Unilateral Locked Facet	Definition: the intervertebral foramina is visible above but not below on a true lateral image. Cause: flexion and rotation injury
Bilateral Locked Facets	Definition: the upper cervical spine is anteriorly displaced over the lower spine. There is a widening of the spinous processes at the site of injury. Results in a complete dislocation of the spine. Cause: hyperflexion injury
Herniated nucleus pulposis	Definition: i.e. slipped disc. When the soft inner part of the intervertebral disk protrudes through the fibrous cartilage outer layer and into the spinal canal, causing severe pain and possible numbness that radiates into the extremities. Often L4/5 level causing sciatica.
Muscle Spasm	Looks like: loss of normal lordotic curve on a lateral view or torticollis on the AP view.
Cervical Ribs	Definition: rudimentary rib that projects laterally from C7 but does not reach the sternum Image: Cervical R Ib (binary/octet-stream)
Kyphosis	Definition: abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine that results in a stooped posture and reduced height. Cause: possibly compression fractures, poor posture, rickets or other spinal diseases. Image: Kyphosis (binary/octet-stream)
Scoliosis	Definition: an abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine Image: Scoliosis (binary/octet-stream)
Scheuermann's Disease	Image: Scheuermann's Disease (binary/octet-stream)
Spondylitis	Definition: inflammation of the vertebra. Can go on to become ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis	Definition: inflammation of the sacroiliac, intervertebral and costovertebral joints leading to pain and stiffness. Continues until ankylosis occurs where the bones form a union. AKA Bamboo Spine Image: Ankylosing Spondylitis (binary/octet-stream)
Spondylosis	Definition: age related degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Can contribute to arthritis changes that may affect the zygapophyseal joints and intervertebral foramen.
Chance Fracture	Definition: anterior wedge fracture of the vertebral body with horizontal fracture through posterior elements or distraction of facets joints and spinous processes. Cause: flexion and distraction injury of the spine e.g. MVA with a lap belt. Image: Chance Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Burst Fracture	Definition: vertebra is crushed by forces however unlike usual compression fractures, they are fractured in more than one place and direction. Can potentially injury spinal cord and tissues. On x-ray there is a loss of vertebral height and the anterior portion is often compressed more than the rear, interpedicular widening. Cause: severe trauma i.e. MVA, fall from a height Image: Burst Fracture (binary/octet-stream)
Paget's Disease	Definition: increased remodelling of the affected bones, leading to thickening and deformation. Most commonly found in the L spine but is seen throughout spinal column. Cause: hyperactive osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Image: Pagets Disease Spine (binary/octet-stream)
Lordosis	Definition: the normal concave curvature of the L=spine and also an abnormal or exaggerated concave lumbar curvature. Causes: pregnancy, obesity, poor posture, rickets or tuberculosis of the spine.
Spina bifida	Definition: congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop and therefore expose part of the spinal cord. Varies in severity and most often occurs around L5. Image: Spina Bifida (binary/octet-stream)
Spondylolisthesis	Definition: involves the forward movement of one vertebrae in relation to another. Cause: often due to a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis or may happen due to spondylolysis or severe osteoarthritis. Most common at L5/S1. Image: Spondylolisthesis (binary/octet-stream)
Spondylolysis	Definition: dissolution of a vertebrae, such as from a lack of development of the vertebral arch and separation of the pars interarticularis of the vertebra. On the oblique x-ray, Scottie Dog appears broken. Image: Spondylolisis (binary/octet-stream)

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	Criado por Lexi Crosbie aproximadamente 7 anos atrás