11653307
Descrição
FlashCards por Renee Conneway, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Renee Conneway
mais de 6 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| Ethnography, naturalistic inquiry, case studies, fieldwork, field studies, and participant observations are ________ research approaches | Qualitative |
| What are six major characteristics of Qualitative Research? (CHINED) | Concern for Context Human instrument Inductive Analysis Natural Settings Emergent Design Descriptive Data |
| Type of research that strives for testable and confirmable theories that explain phenomena, assumes that subject matter of social and human sciences differ from natural/physical sciences, seeks to understand human and social behavior from insiders perspective | Qualitative Research |
| The primary instrument used for data collection in qualitative research is _____ | The Researcher |
| Steps to Designing Qualitative Research: | Choose the problem Review Relevant Literature Choose Research Questions Decide on particular approach Choose a site Get permission to conduct study Become oriented to site |
| The possibility that the researcher will understand the setting thoroughly, precisely, and accurately | Informational Adequacy |
| In this type of sampling, every unit is included in the sample. | Comprehensive Sample |
| In this sampling, units are included that maximize differences on specified characteristics | Maximum variation sampling |
| Sampling that selects units that are special or unusual | Extreme Case Sampling |
| Sampling that selects units that are considered typical of the phenomenon to be studied | Typical Case Sampling |
| Sampling that selects a subgroup that is considered homogeneous in attitudes, experiences, etc. | Homogeneous Sampling |
| Sampling that occurs when the initially selected subjects suggest the names of others who would be appropriate for the sample | Snowball/Chain Sampling |
| Name five ways that the researcher could be a participant or non-participant. | 1) Complete Participant 2) Participant as Observer 3) Observer as Participant 4) Complete Observer 5) Collaborative Partner |
| The observer actively participates and becomes an insider in the event being observed so that he/she experiences events in the same was as the participants | Participant as Observer (Anthropologists researching culture) |
| A member of the group or is active in the context under study and focuses on the natural activity of the group without informing the group that it is under study. | Complete Participant (Joining a gang) |
| Researchers may interact with subjects to establish rapport but do not become involved in the behaviors and activities of the group | Observer as Participant (Observing Alcoholics Anonymous) |
| Typically hidden from the group or may be simply in a public setting observing public behavior | Complete Observer |
| The observer has an equal partnership in the research process between the researcher and participants | Collaborative Partner (Feminist research) |
| Causes an inaccurate picture of the group or interactions, i.e. the group knowing they are being observed. | Observer Effect |
| When the researcher knows the participants are associated with certain characteristics and may expect certain behaviors | Observer Expectation |
| When the observer's personal attitudes and values affect the observation/interpretation of the observation | Observer Bias |
| Most common method of recording data collected during observation, gives complete description of setting, people. reactions, etc | Field Notes (has descriptive part and reflective part (observers comments) |
| Method that gathers data on the subjects' opinions, beliefs, and feelings. Provides large volumes of in-depth data quickly, usually recorded and transcribed. | Interviews |
| Method of data collection that is like a group interview, 6 to 12 people, brings in different perspectives, economical with time and money | Focus Group |
| Method of data collection that already exists, could include a range of written, physical, and visual materials. | Documents/Artifacts |
| What are some ethical considerations inherent to qualitative research. | Kind of information obtained (personal) Researchers relationship to participant Need informed Consent Reciprocity IRB approval |
| Type of qualitative study that focuses on a single unit to produce an in-depth description that is rich and holistic | Case Study |
| Type of qualitative study that focuses on the characteristics of materials and asks, "What meaning is reflected in these"? Applied to written or visual materials, including textbooks, blogs, speeches, etc. | Content analysis |
| Type of qualitative in-depth study of naturally occurring behavior within a culture or entire social group. Seeks to understand the relationship between culture and behavior | Ethnography |
| Type of qualitative research that's goal is to inductively build a theory about a practice or phenomenon using interviews and observation as the primary data collection tools. | Grounded Theory |
| Type of qualitative research that is oriented to the past rather than to the present and thus uses different data-collection methods. Has emphasis on interpretation and use of non-numeric data | Historical Research |
| Type of qualitative research that focuses on stories (spoken or written) told by individuals about their lives | Narrative Research |
| Type of qualitative research designed to describe and interpret an experience by determining the meaning of the experience as perceived by the people who have participated in it | Phenomenological Study |
| Study Page 10, Standards for Rigor for Research | Page 10 Chart, page 531 Textbook |
| Refers to whether the researcher's observations are believable | Validity/Credibility |
| What are 5 methods for establishing credibility? | Structural corroboration Consensus Referential Adequacy Theoretical Adequacy Evidence based on control of bias |
| Agreement among competent others that the description, interpretation, and evaluation are right. "Panel of Experts" | Consensus |
| The use of multiple sources of data, multiple observers, and/or multiple methods is referred to as | Triangulation |
| Use of different sources of data and different methods, to increase the likelihood that the phenomenon under study is being understood from various points of view | Structural corroboration |
| An evidence of credibility that refers to "accurately portraying the meaning attached by participants to what is being studied by the researcher, and the degree to which the participants viewpoints, thoughts, etc are accurately understood. I.e. Member Checks | Referential Evidence |
| Evidence of credibility that concerns the degree to which a theoretical explanation developed from the study fits the data and is defensible. | Theoretical Adequacy |
| The researcher should use ______, a strategy in which the researcher does self reflection to recognize and report bias | Reflexivity |
| This is the degree to which the findings of a qualitative study can be applied or generalized to other contexts or groups | Transferability |
| To establish transferability, you should make sure that __________ and control for threats such as _____, ______, and _____ effects. | People, settings, and times are similar Selection, Setting, and History Effects |
| In this threat to transferability, the constructs being investigated are unique to a single group | Selection Effect |
| In this threat to transferability, the results may be a function of the specific context under investigation | Setting Effect |
| In this threat to transferability, the unique historical experiences of the participants may mitigate against comparisons | History Effect |
| The extent to which variation can be tracked or explained, and the consistency of behaviors i.e would data be similar if the study was replicated | Dependability |
| What are 6 ways to establish dependability? | Audit Trail Conduct study in multiple locations/groups Stepwise Replication Code-Recode Data Use inter-rater techniques Triangulation |
| Documents how the study was conducted, what was done, when, and why | Audit Trail |
| In this strategy, two investigators divide the data, analyze it independently, compare results. | Stepwise Replication |
| A strategy for assessing dependability in which the researcher codes the data, leaves the analysis for a period of time, and then comes back and recodes the data and compares | Code-Recode |
| Deals with the idea of neutrality, the extent to which the research is free of bias in its procedures and interpretation of results | Confirmability |
| To demonstrate confirmability, the researcher could do these three things: | Use an audit trail Triangulation Peer Review |
| Analyzing qualitative data can be time consuming and difficult. Researchers should follow these three steps: | Organize the data Summarize the data Interpret the data |
| When you _____ the data, you make sure all notes are readable, keep a backup of original data, reduce the data by coding and sorting into categories | Organize |
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