Key Terms: The Teleological Argument

Questão	Responda
Teleological	Comes from the Greek Telos, ‘purpose’. The notion that something has a purpose.
The Design Argument	The argument that the world has been designed and so this is evidence for a Designer, ie, God.
William Paley (1743-1805)	The proponent of the best known modern version of the Design argument.
Argument from Analogy	Analogy occurs when something is like something else in several key ways. Here, the World is like a watch.
Natural Theology (1802)	Paley’s book, in which he sets out his argument.
Creationist	Any Christian who believes the world was created by God precisely as in the Book of Genesis.
David Hume (1711-1776)	A strong critic of the Design argument.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779)	David Hume’s book in which he attacks the Design argument.
The Epicurean Hypothesis	The notion that the universe consists of particles in random motion, in infinite time. Every possibility would be realised.
Charles Darwin (1809-82)	Proposed The Theory of Evolution, explaining the complexity of the world entirely in terms of natural processes.
On The Origin of Species (1859)	Darwin’s chief work, in which his explanation was first put forward.
Natural Selection	According to Darwin, the mechanism by which biological organisms evolve from lesser to greater complexity.
Richard Dawkins (20th C)	An English zoologist, and militant atheist, who uses Darwin’s theory to attack all religion.
The Fine Tuning Argument	A modern version of the Design argument which takes its cue from astrophysics, rather than (like Paley) from biology.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)	Proposed a version of the Fine Tuning argument as long ago as the 17th century.
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia (1687)	The book in which Newton proposed his version of the Fine Tuning argument.
William Lane Craig (20th C)	Supports the Design argument. Wrote a paper called, ‘The Design Argument and the Anthropic Principle’.
The Strong Anthropic Principle	The idea that the universe is set up in such a way that intelligent life had to emerge. Implies a God.
The Weak Anthropic Principle	The idea that the universe must look designed to any creature intelligent enough to ask. Agnostic about God.
Brandon Carter	Suggested the first Weak Anthropic Principle, in 1974.
FR Tennant	Suggested the first Strong Anthropic Principle, in 1930.
Philosophical Theology (1930)	Tennant’s major work, in which he first suggested the Strong Anthropic Principle.
John Leslie (20th C)	A critic of the Weak Anthropic principle. Uses a thought experiment, involving a firing squad, to make his point.
The Many Universes Hypothesis	There are many universes: at least one of them had to be finely tuned, so Fine Tuning is not evidence for a Designer.
John Earman	A critic of the Many Universes hypothesis.

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Key Terms: The Teleological Argument

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