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Carbohydrates

Descrição

A level Biology (2.1.2 Biological Molecules) FlashCards sobre Carbohydrates, criado por Yinka F em 23-01-2018.
Yinka F
FlashCards por Yinka F, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Yinka F
Criado por Yinka F aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão Responda
What are monosaccharides? The monomers that make up carbohydrates
What are the two forms of glucose? Alpha (α) and beta (β)
What is the structure of glucose? A hexose monosaccharide (6 carbon atoms - e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose). The structure is in a ring for strength.
What are the uses of glucose? A source of energy Used as "building blocks" for polysaccharides and disaccharides
What is the structure of ribose? A pentose sugar (5 carbon atoms - e.g. ribose, deoxyribose...)
What is the difference between disaccharide and polysaccharide? A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides join together. A polysaccharide is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together.
Which monomers join together to form maltose? α-glucose + α-glucose
Which monomers join together to form sucrose? α-glucose + fructose
Which monomers join together to form lactose? galactose + glucose
What are the properties of polysaccharides? Insoluble Not sweet to taste
What are the two types of polysaccharides? Storage - tends to be folded to give a compact molecule (e.g. starch) Structural - tends to be coiled or straight-chained
There are two types of starch. What are they? Amylose (unbranched polymer) Amylopectin (branched polymer)
What is the structure of amylose? α-glucose molecules 80% of starch Coils into a helix held in place by hydrogen bonds that form between hydroxyl (-OH) groups 1-4 glycosidic bonds Main storage molecule in plants
What is the structure of amylopectin? 1-6 glycosidic bond between branches 1-4 glycosidic bonds between molecules in a chain Main storage molecule in plants
What is the structure of glycogen? More branches than amylopectin for quicker build-up and breakdown of glycogen using enzymes Compact = easy for storage Shaped like a spiral/helix 1-6 glycosidic bonds Main storage carbohydrate in mammals
What is the structure of cellulose? Straight chains Form hydrogen bonds between chains of cellulose = strengthens them into larger sub-units called microfibrils Every other β-glucose is flipped 1-4 glycosidic bonds Confers structural strength in plant cell walls

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