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| Questão | Responda |
| Outline the primary immune response | When a pathogen enters the body for the first time, the antigens on its surface activate the immune system. The primary response is slow as there are not many B lymphocytes that can make the antibody needed to bind to the pathogen. Eventually, the body will produce enough of the right antibody to overcome the infection. Meanwhile, the infected person will show symptoms of the disease. After being exposed to an antigen, both T and B lymphocytes produce memory cells, which remain in the body for a long time. Memory B lymphocytes record the specific antibodies needed to bind to the antigen. The person is now immune. |
| Outline the secondary response | If the same pathogen enters the body again, the immune system will produce a quicker, stronger immune response. Clonal selection happens faster. Memory B lymphocytes divide into plasma cells that produce the right antibody to the antigen. Memory T lymphocytes are activated and divide into the correct type of T lymphocytes to kill the cell carrying the antigen. The secondary response often gets rid of the pathogen before you begin to show any symptoms. |
| Describe the graph of changing concentration of antibody during the primary and secondary response (from the time of initial exposure) |
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| TRUE OR FALSE: Memory B and T lymphocytes have a limited lifespan | TRUE |
| Complete the sentences: Someone who is immune to a particular ___________ will not always stay immune forever. ___________ can be maintained by being continually ___________ to the pathogen, so you continue to make more and more _________ B and T lymphocytes. | Someone who is immune to a particular PATHOGEN will not always stay immune forever. IMMUNITY can be maintained by being continually EXPOSED to the pathogen, so you continue to make more and more MEMORY B and T lymphocytes. |
| Compare the speed of response during the primary response and the secondary response | PRIMARY Slow SECONDARY Fast |
| Compare the cells activated during the primary response and the secondary response | PRIMARY B and T lymphocytes SECONDARY Memory cells |
| Compare the symptoms present during the primary response and the secondary response | PRIMARY Symptoms are present SECONDARY Symptoms are NOT present |
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