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Acids

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A level Chemistry (2.1 Atoms and Reactions) FlashCards sobre Acids, criado por Yinka F em 19-02-2018.
Yinka F
FlashCards por Yinka F, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Yinka F
Criado por Yinka F quase 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão Responda
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid? HCl
What is the formula for sulphuric acid? H₂SO₄
What is the formula for nitric acid? HNO₃
What is the formula for ethanoic acid? CH₃COOH
What is the formula for sodium hydroxide? NaOH
What is the formula for potassium hydroxide? KOH
What is the formula for ammonia? NH₃
TRUE OR FALSE: H⁺ ions are never found by themselves in water TRUE They're always combined with H₂O to form hydroxonium ions (H₃O⁺)
What happens when acids are mixed with water? All acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺)
What happens when bases are mixed with water? Alkalis (bases that are soluble in water) release OH⁻ ions in solution
Give the general equation for the reaction of an acid with water HA + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A⁻
Give the general equation for the reaction of a base with water B + H₂O ⇌ BH⁺ + OH⁻
What is the difference between a strong acid/base and a weak acid/base? STRONG Nearly all of the acid/base will dissociate (or ionise) in water, and nearly all of the H⁺ ions or OH⁻ ions are released WEAK Only a small amount of the acid/base will dissociate in water and only a few H⁺ ions or OH⁻ ions are released
Give the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a base Acid + Base --> Salt + Water
Give the word equation for the reaction between acids with metals Metal + Acid --> Salt + Hydrogen
Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and metal oxides Metal oxide + Acid --> Salt + Water
Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and metal hydroxides Metal hydroxide + Acid --> Salt + Water
Give the word equation for the reaction between acids and carbonates Metal carbonate + Acid --> Salt + CO₂ + H₂O
Name two main indicators used in acid-base titrations (including the colour change) Methyl orange (yellow --> red = alkali --> acid) Phenolphthalein (pink --> colourless = alkali --> acid)
What is a standard solution? A solution that has a precisely known concentration
How are standard solutions made? By dissolving a known amount of solid in a known amount of water to create a known concentration
What is the equation used for finding the concentration and volume of a standard solution? c₁V₁ = c₂V₂
What are polyprotic acids? Polyprotic acids donate more than one proton
What are diprotic acids? Diprotic acids donate 2 protons (e.g. H₂SO₄)
What are triprotic acids? Tripotic acids donate 3 protons (e.g. H₃PO₄)
Complete the sentence: Compared to a monoprotic acid, you'll need _________ the number of moles of _______ to neutralise a diprotic acid, and ______ for triprotic Compared to a monoprotic acid, you'll need DOUBLE the number of moles of BASE to neutralise a diprotic acid, and TRIPLE for triprotic

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