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| Questão | Responda |
| Describe the trend in reactivity down Group 2 | Because ionisation energy decreases down the group, reactivity increases down the group |
| When Group 2 elements react, they are oxidised from an oxidation state of... | 0 to +2 M --> M²⁺ + 2e⁻ |
| Give the general symbol equation for the reaction between Group 2 metals and water | M + 2H₂O --> M(OH)₂ + H₂ Where 'M' is the metal |
| When Group 2 metals react with water, a metal hydroxide is formed. What happens when the metal hydroxide dissolves in water? | The metal hydroxide that forms dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻). These make the solutions strongly alkaline (with a pH of about 12-13) |
| Describe and explain the reactivity of Group 2 metals with water | The elements react more readily down the group because the ionisation energies decrease. This is due to the increasing size of the atomic radii and the increasing shielding effect. |
| What is the product formed when Group 2 metals burn in oxygen? | Solid white oxides |
| Give the general symbol equation for the reaction between Group 2 metals and oxygen | 2M + O₂ --> 2MO Where 'M' is the metal |
| When Group 2 metals react with oxygen, a metal oxide is formed. What happens when the metal oxide reacts with water? | The oxides of Group 2 metals react readily with water to form metal hydroxides, which dissolve. The OH⁻ ions make these solutions strongly alkaline |
| Describe and explain the reactivity of Group 2 metals with oxygen | The oxides form more strongly alkaline solutions as you go down the group, because the hydroxides get more soluble |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Magnesium oxide reacts very slowly with water | TRUE Magnesium oxide only reacts slowly and the hydroxide isn't very soluble |
| What are the products formed when Group 2 metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid? | Metal chloride Hydrogen |
| Give the general symbol equation for the reaction between Group 2 metals and dilute hydrochloric acid | M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂ Where 'M' is the metal |
| The reactions between Group 2 metals and different dilute acids produce different salts. Give the general symbol equation for the reaction between Group 2 metals and dilute sulfuric acid | M + 2H₂SO₄ --> MSO₄ + H₂ Where 'M' is the metal |
| Complete the sentences: Group 2 elements are known as the __________ ________ metals. Many of their common compounds are used for _______________ acids. | Group 2 elements are known as the ALKALINE EARTH metals. Many of their common compounds are used for NEUTRALISING acids. |
| What is the use of calcium hydroxide? | Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime, Ca(OH)₂) is used in agriculture to neutralise acidic soils |
| Calcium hydroxide must be used in moderation. Why? | It has to be used in moderation otherwise the soils will become too alkaline to support crop growth |
| What is the use of magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate? | They are used in some indigestion tablets as antacids - these neutralise excess stomach acid |
| Give the ionic equation for neutralisation | H⁺ + OH⁻ --> H₂O |
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