PY1101 Chapter 2

Questão	Responda
Quantitative Research	Uses experiments/surveys to gather data that can be statistically analysed to test particular hypotheses
Qualitative Research	In-depth analysis of a small number of participants to gather data that provides a richer/deeper understanding of the topic than that of Quantitative Research
A Theory	Systematic way of organising and explaining observations , which includes a set of propositions/statements about the relationships among various phenomena
Hypothesis	Tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables
Variable	Any phenomenon that can differ, or vary, from one situation/person to another.
Continuous Variable	A variable that can be placed on a continuum
Categorical Variable	Variable that is comprised of groupings/categories
Standardised Procedures	Exposing participants in a study to as similar procedures as possible
Population	a larger group to whom research should be applicable
Sample	a subgroup of the population that is likely to be representative of the population as a whole
Generalisability	Applicability of the findings to the entire population of interest to the researcher
Sampling Bias	occurs when the sample is not representative of the population as a whole.
Internal Validity	Methods that convincingly test the hypothesis
External Validity	Findings can be generalised to situations outside, or external to, the labratory
Measure	concrete way of assessing a variable. Way of bringing an abstract concept down to earth
Reliability	Measure's ability to produce consistent results
Retest reliability	tendency of a test to yield relatively similar scores for the same individual over time
Internal consistency	When several ways of asking the same question yield similar results
Interrater Reliability	when two different interviewers rate an individual on some dimension, both should give the person similar scores.
Validity	Measure's ability to assess the variable it is supposed to assess
Scientific approach	Uses empirical methods to gain knowledge
Description (Scientific Approach)	summarising relationships between variable
Prediction (scientific approach)	anticipating future events
Understanding (Scientific approach)	Identifying the causes of phenomenon
experimental research	Psychologists manipulate some aspect of a situation and examine the impact on the way participants respond
Control group	neutral condition against which participants in various experimental conditions can be compared.
Descriptive research	describes phenomena as they already exist rather than manipulating variables
case study	in-depth observation of one person or a group of people
Naturalistic Observation	in-depth observation of a phenomenon in its natural setting
Survey research	asking a large sample of people questions, usually about their attitudes of behaviour through interviews/questionnaires
Random/Stratified Random samples	allow psychologists to gather substantial info about the population by examining representative samples.
Correlational research	assess the degree to which two variables are related
Correlation coefficient	quantifies the association between two variables, and ranges from -1.0 to +1.0. A correlation of zero means that two variables are unrelated.
objectivity	taking an impartial and disinterested approach

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	Criado por Daniel Noack mais de 6 anos atrás