Questão | Responda |
What do increased levels of lactic acid in the blood indicate? | By product of cell damage which means the cells are not getting enough oxygen. Can indicate a metabolic issue or CHF, heart attack, sepsis or respiratory failure. |
What do increased levels of LDH in the blood indicate? | Indicative of cell injury - specifically the liver, kidneys, skeletal muscles or erythrocytes |
What do increased CK (creatine kinase) levels in the blood indicate? | CK-BB ^ is indicative of brain tissue damage, CK-MB and CK-MM ^ is indicative of heart tissue damage & CK-MM is indicative of skeletal tissue damage. |
What does an increased level of troponins in the blood indicate? | MI - that has caused damage to the myocardium |
What do raised ASTs or ALTs indicate? | Liver damage |
What does the AST/ALT ratio signify? | the ratio is usually > 1 in alcoholic liver disease, and <1 in non-alcoholic liver disease |
What do raised levels of ALP in the blood indicate? | Liver or bone disease |
What do raised levels of lipase in the blood typically indicate? | Raised levels of an enzyme created by the pancreas entering the blood stream typically indicate damage to the pancreas (such as in pancreatitis) however, they can also indicate GIT issues |
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