US Foreign Policy 1880-1919

Questão	Responda
From Isolation to Imperialism	1) Our industry needed other places to invest excess capital 2)Nationalism grew as our wealth, population, and industry grew 3)We believed we needed to keep up with the Europeans
What two books influenced American beliefs?	1) Josiah Strong's Our Country bringing the idea of imperialism because we needed to spread our wealth and political values to civilize others. 2) Alfred T Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Which Theo Roosevelt read which he implemented all. -Larger Navy -Overseas Possessions -Panama Canal
What did Theo Roosevelt use to justify his intervention in the Americas?	Roosevelt Corollary and the Monroe Doctrine
Why did Britain try to be friendlier to the US?	They feared isolation because of the triple alliance and the Boer War, which was a war in Africa.
What did the US threaten Britain with and for what?	Britain was threatened by war if they did not go into arbitration
What type of people gained (political) power in the islands of Hawaii?	Missionaries and Planters (Americans)
What area did the US lease from Hawaii?	Pearl Harbor
Why was there problems between the US and Hawaii after 1891?	Queen Lilokalu-whatever- took power and wanted all the political power to return to the Hawaiians and opposed annexation
What happened in Hawaii in 1893?	The queen was overthrown by planters and the help of the US Marines and created a new government.
What was the new government headed by?	Sanford Dole
Why were the islands not annexed during Cleveland's presidency?	Cleveland was against acquiring overseas territories and allowed them to remain an independent nation at the time despite the planters plea to be annexed.
Why were the Phillipenes' annexed later despite Cleveland's wish?	Served as a half way point to Asia and a nice naval base
Why did the planters of Hawaii ask to be annexed?	A new tariff rose which stopped them from trading with the US.
What started the Spanish American War?	Issues with Cuba
What is a banana republic?	Company owned country like company owned towns like Carnegie had Pittsburgh Steel
What happened in 1895 in Cuba?	Cuba revolted against Spanish rule
Who was sent to suppress the revolt by Spain?	The Butcher or Weyler
What caused public sympathy for Cuba?	Yellow Journalism by R. Hearst and Pulitzer, Pulitizer prize, which exaggerated the circumstances and they also wanted Cuba for economic gain so it was a win win on both sides
Why did the Cuba situation become worse when McKinley took office?	1)DeLome Letter-insult from a Spanish Official saying he was weak and blabla 2)U.S.S Maine was sunk in an explosion which was at the time blamed on the Spanish since they were docked in Havana although it was later deemed an accident. 3)McKinley asked Congress to declare war after that instance which they did by providing funding in the Teller amendment but also saying they will never annex Cuba.
How long did the War last?	4 months
Who organized a volunteer army and what were they called?	Theo Roosevelt and The Rough Riders, the Rough riders never really did anything 4 African American regiments won the battle
Who did better the Navy or Army in the Spanish American War?	The Navy because they lacked the chaos of moving supplies and such also they won a battle at Manilla Bay and destroyed a Spanish fleet
What did the US do to the Phillipenes and Puerto Rico?	Seized them for naval bases
What ended the Spanish American War?	1898 Treaty of Paris
What was the greatest controversy of the Spanish American War?	Phillipenes acquisition
How did McKinley justify this?	1) Phillipenes were unable to govern themselves 2) Provide better access to asian markets
What were insular cases?	Cases regarding the acquisition of territories and their rights which the Supreme court stated they had no citizenship rights.
William Jennings Bryan led what?	Anti-Imperialists, believed the Philiipenes would draw the US into asian problems and would create a problem with the new power at the time japan.
What did the US decide to do to Puerto Rico?	Make it a protectorate
What did the US force the Cubans to do ?	Agree to the Platt amendment which allows the US intervention in Cuban affairs if their independence was threatened.
What other country did the US become more involved in and how?	The Open Door Policy which allowed equal rights in trade and helped stop the Boxer Rebellion
What did the Roosevelt Corollary do?	Led to bad feelings with Latin American countries and kept Germany out of the Dominican republic and Germany
T. Roosevelt's statement about the "Big Stick"?	Implied the Navy was their weapon used militaristic threats
What allowed us to create the Paname Canal?	The Hay Pauncefort Treaty
What did the Columbians say to the idea?	Refused the idea of the canal at first but when the French canal builder came and overthrew them, they quickly accepted the first deal which they declined with the US which allowed the Hay Bay treaty which was about the area the US was leasing by the Columbians
What caused Roosevelt to win the Nobel Peace Prize?	The Portsmouth Treaty that stopped the war between Russia and Japan.
Which president encouraged Dollar Diplomacy?	Dollar Diplomacy was the act of investing overseas which was encouraged by Taft
What almost caused a War with Mexico?	1) The rapid change of political power and unstableness of the country 2) Pancho Villa The only reason we did not start a war was we were more concerned with World War I.
What caused World War I?	The assassination of the Austria Hungary arch duke or the successor of the country
Which two countries fought first pulling the alliances into the mix?	Russia and Austria Hungary who then pulled the Entre Alliance and the Triple Alliance
Who was in the Entente Alliance?	France Russia Great Britain
Who was in the Triple Alliance?	Italy Germany Austrian Empire
Why did the Tension build for World War I?	1) The building of Russian military 2)The disintegration of the Ottoman empire 3)Competition for oversea colonization This created the Triple Alliance and the Entente Alliance
What new tactics caused the War to be bloodier?	New Rifles, Machine Guns, Poison Gas, and Trench Warfare
Why did the US not intervene immediately?	Wilson wanted to remain neutral and influence the settlement of the war + many Americans wanted to avoid the War
What perspectives were in America at the time?	1) Irish Americans viewed Britain as an enemy since they occupy Ireland 2)German-Americans were sympathetic to their homeland 3)Socialist like Debs protested the war and viewed it as imperialistic(cause of his arrest) 4)Progressives like LaFollete wanted the US to remain neutral
Why did we enter the war anyway?	1) Germany's renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare attacks on an unarmed ship, the Lusitainia 2)The Zimmerman Telegram-telegram between Mexico and Germany which was intercepted 3)The U Boats ended up sinking 4 US Ships That was when Wilson asked for Congress to declare War
What was a major help in the war?	The Russian Czar was overthrown.
What were the Alliances renamed?	Allies for-France-Russia-Great Britain-US Central Powers-Austria Hungray-Italy-Germany
What was Wilson's reason for entering the War?	To protect democracy and wanted to help spread democracy
Wilson issued something with all of his ideas which was called?	The 14 points including self determination of people, who could then get their own country, arms reduction, the end of secret treaties, freedom of the seas, and the Laegue of Nations
What was the irony of America fighting for democracy?	The troops were segregated.
The government began to monitor the US to an unseen before degree which two acts were examples of this?	The Sedition and the Espionage Act
Who was jailed at the time for this?	Eugene Debs and Big Bill HeyWood.
How was the war financed?	Excised and income taxes along with Victory and Liberty Loans
What happened to the industry at home?	Caused the shift from a large male work force to a growing female work force which helped the passage of the 19th amendment.
What happened to the African Americans?	They migrated North which caused the First Great Migration and Racial violence in many Northern Cities.
Who were the writers of the Treaty of Versailles?	Wilson, France rep, Britain rep, and Italian rep
What was the disagreement between them when writing the Treaty?	The other 3 countries wanted to punish Germany while Wilson wanted to incorporate the 14 points. Only two were actually followed the self determination of people or people choosing their country and the League of Nations.
Why were we not in the League of Nations?	It failed ratification in the US
Why did the ratification of the US treaty fail?	The "irrecouncilables" refused to because Article 10 gave the League of Nations the power to declare war instead of Congress and Wilson did not want a compromise in that and Wilson also made it a referendum so when each democrat was elected it was a vote for the treaty and the opposite for the republicans. The republicans won so the treaty was not passed.
What were the major impacts of the War?	1) Women got the right to vote 2) The US became a world power although they would return to isolation 3) Europe did not have imperial dominance
Who was the head (if any) of the War Industries Board and what did they do?	Bernard Barauch; expand production, reduce waste, and allocate resources
Who was the head of the National War Labor Board and what did the agency do?	Samuel Gompers(Head of the AFL) and others; Mediate labor disputes to prevent strikes and improve working conditions
Who was the head of the Railroad administration and what what did they do?	William McAdoo; took control of railroads to improve efficiency
Who was the head of the Shipping Board and what did they do?	No one; created to build ships and ship yards to transport men and goods to Europe
Who was the head of the Fuel Administration and what did they do?	NO one; increased production of coal, natural gas, and oil, and rationed gas and oil and introduced daylight savings time
Who was the head of the Food Administration and what did they do?	Herbert Hoover; increased farm output, and encouraged wheatless and meatless days as well as planting victory gardens
Who was the head of the Committee on Public Information and what did they do?	George Creel; used propoganda to sell war to america using pamphlets, lectures, posters, and movies
What age were men drafted in the military?	18-35

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US Foreign Policy 1880-1919

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