Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease

Questão	Responda
What is the WHO definition of health?	a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"
Define pathophysiology	the physiology of altered health; the study of altered health and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organs
Explain the meaning of reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value as it relates to observations and tests used in the diagnosis of disease.	Reliability is the ability to reproduce results Validity is the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it was intended to measure Sensitivity is the proportion of people that have a disease and test positive for that disease (true-positive) Specificity is the proportion of people without a disease that test negative for that disease (true-negative) Predictive Value is the extent to which a test can predict the presence of a given disease
Define epidemiology	the study of disease occurrence in human populations
Compare the meaning of the terms incidence and prevalence as they relate to measures of disease frequency	Incidence is the number of new cases within a given time period Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease at a given point in time
Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention.	Primary = preventing disease by removing all risk factors Secondary = detecting disease early when it is still curable Tertiary = preventing further deterioration after the disease has been diagnosed
Pathophysiology is the study of ________ and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organs	altered health
The WHO defines the state of ______ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.	health
The term ________ can be defined as an interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structure	disease
The multiple factors the predispose a patient	risk factors
x	congenital defects
Defects or damage that occurs after birth are termed ________ defects.	acquired
x	diagnosis
________ is not clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent.	subclinical disease
________ is the study of disease occurrence in a population.	epidemiology
________ is a measure of the existing disease in a population, whereas ________ is reflective of the development of new cases.	prevalence, incidence
Define the term pathophysiology. Compare and contrast that definition with definitions for physiology and pathology.	Pathophysiology is the is the study of altered health (the combination of physiology and pathology). Physiology is the study of normal bodily processes. Pathology is the study of disease manifestations.
How does the WHO define health?	a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
Explain what is meant by the term clinical course. In your answer, address the differences between an acute disorder and a chronic disease.	Clinical course is the evolution of disease. An acute disorder is severe but short lived or self-limiting. A chronic disease a continuous, long-term process often with periods of aggravations and remissions.
Differentiate between a congenital condition and an acquired condition.	Congenital conditions are present at birth but may not be relevant until later stages of development. Acquired conditions are defects or damage that occur after birth.
What is the difference between syndromes and sequelae?	Syndromes are the compilation of signs, symptoms, and manifestations of a disease. Sequelae are injuries that come as a secondary result of the disease.
What is the importance of risk factors, and how are they determined for a given population?	Risk factors provide a window into a disease. It is possible to avoid risky behavior and therefore lower the chances of developing the disease. They are determined from studying a controlled population where most of the habits and practices are similar. Some of the most prominent studies are the Framingham Study (coronary hear disease) and the Nun's Study (Alzheimer disease).
Define etiology	cause of disease
Define mortality	characteristics of death-producing effects of a disease
Define morphology	fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
Define cohort	group of people that share a certain characteristic(s)
Define clinical manifestations	signs and symptoms of a disease
Define prognosis	predicted outcome of a disease process
Define Evidence-based practice	using current and best information in treatment
Define prevention	halting disease progress or development

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Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease

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	Criado por Niki Jackson mais de 5 anos atrás