CH 9 Development

Questão	Responda
Developmental Psychology	Studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life
Nature-Nurture Issue	Issue of degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior
Identical Twins	Twins that are genetically identical
Cross-sectional Research	Research method that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
Longitudinal Research	method that investigates behavior as participants get older
Chromosomes	Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information
Genes	The parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted
Zygote	new cell formed by the union of egg and sperm
Embryo	developed zygote; heart, brain, and other organs, discernable arms, legs and a face. 1 inch long
Fetus	Developing individual from 8 weeks after conception until birth
Age of Viability	point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely
Germinal Period	100-150 cells, first two weeks, (zygote)
Embryonic Period	week 2-8 of pregnancy, (embryo)
Fetal Period	from week 8 to birth, response to touch, hair growth, facial features, organ function, brain neurons produced
Sensitive Periods	when organisms during pregnancy, are susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli. Ex: mother taking drugs/smoking & drinking. (may also occur after birth)
Phenylketonuria	child born with this disease lacks enzyme that is required for normal development
Sickle Cell Anemia	Abnormally shaped red blood cells
Tay-Sachs Disease	Bodies inability to break down fat
Down Syndrome	Zygote receives extra chromosome at moment of conception
Teratogens	environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factors that produce a birth defect
Developmental Psychologists are interested in... of development	heredity & environment
Longitudinal Research	Studies same individuals over a period of time
Neonate	Newborn Child
Reflexes	unlearned involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
Habituation	decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus
Attachment	positive emotional bond that develops between a child and particular individual
Authoritarian Parents	rigid and punitive and value unquestionable obedience from their children
Permissive Parents	give children relaxed or inconsistent direction and although they are warm they require very little of them
Authoritative Parents	firm, set clear limits, reason with their children and explain things to them
Uninvolved Parents	show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached
Temperament	basic, inborn characteristic way of responding and behavioral style
Psychosocial Development	interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as embers of society
Cognitive Development	child's understanding of the world changes due to their age and experience
Sensorimotor Stage	Piaget; 0-2 yrs; little competence in representing the environment by using images , language, or other symbols
Object Permanence	Awareness that objects-and people-continue to exist even if they are out of sight
Preoperational Stage	Piaget; 2-7 yrs; language development
Adolescence	developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
Egocentric Stage	child views world entirely from his or her own perspective
Principle of Conservation	Quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects
Concrete Operational Stage	Piaget; 7-12 yrs; Logical thought and loss of egocentrism
Formal Operational Stage	Piaget; 12+ yrs; abstract thought
Information Processing	way people take in, use and store information
Metacognition	awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive process
Zone of Proximal Development	Vygotsky; gap between what children are able to accomplish on their own and they are not quite ready to do by themselves
Puberty	maturation of sexual organs; girls 11-12 yrs; boys 13-14 yrs
Identity-versus-role-confusion Stage	Erikson; time in adolescence of major testing o determine one's unique qualities
Identity	distinguishing character of individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of
Intimacy-versus-isolation Stage	Erikson; Early adulthood; Developing close relationships
Generativity-versus-stagnation	Erikson; middle adulthood; take stock of our contributions to family and society
Ego-integrity-versus-despair Stage	Erikson; Late adulthood till death; review life's accomplishments and failures
Boomerang Children	return to live with their parents after leaving home for some period
Adolescent Egocentrism	State of self-absorption in which teenager views highly critical of authority figures, unwilling to accept criticism, quick to fault others
Personal Fables	belief in unique experience, that they are exceptional, and shared by no one else
Emerging Adulthood	Late teen years to mid 20's
Genetic Preprogramming Theories of Aging	suggests human cells have a built in time limit to their reproduction and that they are no longer able to divide after a certain time
Wear-and-Tear Theories of Aging	suggests that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently

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	Criado por Sarah Sulzle quase 10 anos atrás