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| Questão | Responda |
| What is contingency | Punishment must be severe and applied - Two events are said to be contingent on one another if the presence of one event immediately results in the occurrence of the other. |
| What is Positive Reinforcement | refers to the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus that will decrease the occurrence of the behaviour it follows. ‘Time-out’ is where a child is isolated from a reinforcing stimulus in their environment, with the aim of producing a decrease in the target behaviour |
| What is response cost | is where a penalty is applied every time an undesired behaviour is produced, again resulting in a decrease in that behaviour. The penalty, may be, for example, the removal of ‘tokens’ – items that are valued by the person, such as reward stickers or money |
| What is operant conditioning | Operant Coniditioning is a method for modifying behaviour through consequences for responding.The two categories of consequences are reinforcement and punishment and these can each be divided into positive and negatives types |
| What is social learning theory | Bandura's Social Learning Theory is that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modelling |
| What is mental representation | An internalized, personal understanding of some aspect of the external world. |
| What is object permanence | The understanding that objects exists when they can no longer be seen. |
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