2355388
| Questão | Responda |
| Bandura | Developmental Approach |
| Aim | To find out whether aggression can be learned through imitation and whether children imitate specific acts they have seen and/or whether they just become more aggressive |
| Design | Laboratory experiment having a matched participant design |
| Describe the 3 Independent variables | 1) Aggressive or non-aggressive role model 2) Same sex or opposite sex role model 3) Sex of the child |
| Describe the four dependent variables | 1) Imitative physical aggression 2) Imitative verbal aggression - 'pow' 3) Imitative non-aggressive verbal responses 4) Non-imitative physical and verbal aggression - 'playing with gun' |
| Describe the sample | Children from a university nursery school 36 boys and 36 girls aged 37 months- 69 months (mean age 4.5 years) There were two adult models (m and f) plus female experimenter- Matched sample) |
| Describe the matching process | An experimenter and one of the teachers rated the children using a 5 point scale in terms of aggression. Each child had four score that were added together to give an aggressive score |
| Phase 1 - Modelling (exposure to aggression) | Each child taken to a room where there were lots of toys. Then the model was invited in and then left the room for 10 minutes |
| Describe Phase 1's three conditions (24 children each) | 1) Non-aggressive condition: Model played with toys in a quiet manner 2) Aggressive condition: Model turned to Bobo doll and was aggressive towards it. Control Group: Children were not exposed to a model |
| Describe some behaviour displayed by the aggressive model | Repeating punching it in the nose Hitting it with a mallet Throwing doll in the air and kicking it about in the room |
| Describe Phase 2 - Arousal | Children were then taken to a room with attractive toys and told they couldn't play with them |
| Describe Phase 3 - Observation | -Children were taken to another room that contained some aggressive toys (gun, mallet) and some non-aggressive toys (dolls, animals) and bobo doll. -Experimenter stayed with the child for 20 minutes while they played - Children observed through one way mirror |
| What type of sampling was use - event/time | Time sampling was used and events were recorded every 5 seconds |
| State the 2 controls | 1) Matching process: Ensure individual differences regarding being aggressive were equally distributed to the experimental conditions 2) Arousal phase : All children equally aroused to behave aggressively |
| Did children in the aggressive/ non-aggressive condition imitate behaviour | Children in the aggressive condition displayed many of the model's physical and verbal behaviours |
| Did the aggressive group display more imitative/non-imitative behaviour | Imitative behaviour |
| Children in the non-aggressive condition spent ___ time ____ than other condition | 1) more 2) playing |
| What gender imitated more physical aggressive ? | Males |
| Describe the same-sex effect | Males copied the male models behaviour more than the females |
| Was there any parental consent? | No informed parental consent |
| Ethics | Children were not protected from distress and harm |
| Improvements | 1) Pro-social act modelled 2)Location |
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