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| Questão | Responda |
| Amendment | when you add a law to the bill of rights. |
| Assimilate | changing or adapting to another group |
| Bias | When you in favor of someone's side |
| Bicameral | having two branches |
| Blockade | stopping all things from shipping in or out of something |
| Boomtown | when a town is growing very fast |
| Capitalism | a system of government used by the United States |
| Captain of Industry | leader who transformed America with their business skills to help the economy grow. Also known for being philanthropist |
| Checks and balances | each branch of the government has power over the other branches in some way so that they don't gain too much power |
| Congress | the government |
| Due process of law | having fair treatment through the judicial system |
| Economics | everything that goes on in the country that has to do with money, production and consumption |
| Emancipated | being set free |
| Enfranchise | given the right to vote |
| Enumerated | a certain number of things |
| Federalism | the three different branches of the government |
| Forty-niners | in 1949 many people came to California to try and get rich off of the gold. This increased the population greatly |
| Free Enterprise | when private businesses operates in competition |
| Habeas Corpus | allowed people to have a fair and speedy trial and not have to wait in a holding cell for long periods of time |
| Industry | having to do with turning raw materials into goods/products |
| Judicial | judgments in courts of justice |
| Ku Klux Klan | a group made of white people only that hated all African Americans, wanted all blacks dead or working for them as slaves, first terrorist group in United States |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the U.S. was supposed to have all land from the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific ocean. They thought god was on their side and wanted them to do this |
| Martyr | someone who is killed because of their religious belief |
| Monopoly | when a certain group or business had no competition so they are making all of the money |
| Nomadic | a group of people or someone who does not stay and live in the same place for long periods of time, move around a lot |
| override | members of the senate and house of representatives can rule over the presidents decision with a 2/3 majority vote |
| Popular sovereignty | the people are the governments source of power, without the people, the government is weak |
| ratify | to accept a document, treaty, law, etc |
| Radical | having an extreme view on something |
| Republicanism | the belief that our country should be ran by people that are voted into office |
| Robber Baron | people during the Gilded Age that got rich off of the country's misfortune after the civil war |
| Rural | country, not near the city |
| Separation of Powers | the three different branches in the government. Executive, Judicial and Legislative |
| Social Darwinism | the theory that society should be survival of the fittest just like plants and animals |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Supreme Court | the highest court in the government/Judicial Branch |
| Tariff | when you have to pay your taxes |
| Taxation without representation | colonists experienced having to pay taxes to the British government money while they didn't have anyone to represent what the colonists wanted |
| Trade Union | protected workers from having to work in bad conditions and getting paid a fair amount of money and not working excessive hours |
| Urban | city, not country/rural |
| Veto | a bill not being approved |
| Thomas Jefferson | Father of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the United States, known as the common man, led the trail of tears |
| Sacagawea | helped lead Louis and Clark on the Corps of Discovery, knew the land the explored well, was a Native American |
| James Polk | 11th president of the United States, gained the most land out of any president |
| Frederick Douglass | born in slavery, escaped slavery, abolitionist, wrote his own autobiography, |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| John Brown | was an abolitionist, led the Harpers Ferry Raid, thought violence was the right way to end slavery, worker of the Underground Railroad |
| Robert E. Lee | General of the Confederate Army, went to West Point Military Academy, Confederates best officer during the Civil War |
| Andrew Johnson | took over office after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, known as the worst President in history, helped rebuild the South after the Civil War, was a democrat, got impeached from the office, known as the "Veto President" |
| Susan B. Anthony | abolitionist, leading figure of women's right movement, worked with Elizabeth Stanton |
| Sitting Bull | a rebel against the white people (Americans), fought back against the U.S. Army, famous for battle "Little Big Horn", arrested and killed in 1890 |
| George Custer | fought in the civil war, fought against Sitting Bull and his men in the battle of Little Big Horn-- Custer lost this battle and all of his men died |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | known for building railroads, one of the richest men during his time period, known as one of the Captains of Industry, has a university named after him |
| John Rockefeller | the richest man in U.S. history, one of the Captains of Industry, made his money off of oil and created a monopoly, by the time he died he had given away over half of his fortune |
| Andrew Carnegie | found out how to mass produce steel for less money-- helped more buildings be built while being strong, gave away 4350 million to libraries, schools, institutions, hospitals and churches |
| Jamestown | the first permanent settlement in America, tobacco saved the town from everyone dying |
| Plymouth | pilgrims from the Mayflower came over to establish this town, had the first Thanksgiving here |
| Lexington and Concord | Paul Reveere told all the colonist "The British are coming!" so that they were ready for these battles, gained the colonies good moral so they could fight in the Rev. War |
| Erie Canal | transformed America because it allowed goods to be shipped quicker and throughout parts of the country, more canals quickly made after |
| The Alamo | Texans held out the Mexicans for 13 days, Santa Anna finally got in and killed all defenders of the Alamo, the Texans later captured Santa Anna and took him prisoner |
| Harper's Ferry | where John Brown led his unsuccessful raid |
| Fort Sumter | first battle of Civil War took place here, CSA won this battle, this battle let the Union know the South was going to put up a fight |
| Gettysburg | largest number of casualties in a battle, turning point in war, gave Union moral boost, led to the Gettysburg adress |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant here, known as when the Civil War ended |
| Ford's Theater | where President Lincoln was assassinated, John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln in the head while he was watching a play |
| Promontory Point, Utah | where the transcontinental railroad was complete on May 10, 1869, connected the Union Pacific to the Central Pacific |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | any people who wanted to come to America had to go through one of two islands, if you were a European you had to go through Ellis Island and if you were from Asia, you had to go through Angel Island |
| Declaration of Independence | July 4, 1776 this document gave freedom to America and said that they weren't apart of the British anymore, gave freedom to America |
| Revolutionary War | a war against the Colonists and the British, the colonists won and gained freedom for America |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution that was never ratified, had no way of enforcing laws, similar to a dog with no teeth |
| Great Compromise | More populated states had more representatives than states with less people, had to make the Senate and House of Representatives to make it equal |
| Passing of the Constitution | passed in 1788, the constitution had 27 amendments, only had 10 amendments was it was first ratified |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments in the constitution, gave individual rights to a strong central government |
| Louisiana Purchase | largest land purchase in U.S. history, bought by Thomas Jefferson without anybody's approval, each acre cost about four cents |
| Missouri Compromise | territory of Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state, boundaries of slavery were limited to same latitude as the southern boundary of Missouri 36 30 north latitude |
| Indian Removal Acts (Trail of Tears) | Americans kicked Native Americans out of their home land and moved them to reservations in Oklahoma, many Indians died, Andrew Jackson led most of it to get them off the land they wanted |
| Mexican-American War | happened from 1846-1848, dispute between the Americans and Mexicans about where the order should be, war ended when the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed |
| California Gold Rush | in 1848 gold was discovered in California, by 1849 many people from all over the country came to mine and hopefully get rich off of the gold, these people were known as the "Forty-Niners", this made the population of California increase greatly |
| Homestead Act | laws that gave an applicant ownership of land, typically 160 acres were given out for little or no cost of unappropriated federal land within the boundaries of the public land states |
| Industrial Revolution | America went from an agricultural/rural place to an urban/city place, less farmers were needed because of new machines, more jobs in the city were being created |
| Underground Railroad | helped slaves escape from slavery, wasn't actually underground, led by Harriet Tubman, helped many slaves escape from a horrible lifestyle to be free |
| Seneca Falls Convention | first women's rights convention, led to many more women's rights movements, soon let women be allowed to vote and have about the same rights as men |
| Compromise of 1850 | five separate bills passed by the U.S. congress, solved problems between slave and free states for about four years |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | allowed Kansas and Nebraska the ability to vote to be free or slave states |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | Dred Scott got ruled as property by the Supreme Court therefore saying that he had no rights and couldn't leave Sandford |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Southern slave owners could come to the north and take slaves that had run away back to their plantation legally |
| Bleeding Kansas | the period of violence while the Kansas Territory was being settled |
| Civil War | it was against the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, lasted from 1861 to 1865, ended in the North winning and the South joining back into the Union, even though the war had ended, the violence did not |
| Emancipation Proclamation | On January 1, 1863 President Lincoln set all slaves in the South free, doing this showed strength from the North during the Civil War, led to lots of African Americans joining the Union Army |
| Civil War Draft Riots | Riots happened after drafts that rich people could pay their way out of having to fight in the civil war, made poor people mad and caused riots |
| Gettysburg Adress | President Lincoln's most famous speech given after the battle of Gettysburg, remembered all of the soldiers who died and gave the Union a push to want to win the war |
| Reconstruction | the time period after the civil war had ended that tried to bring the nation back together, lots of violence occurred during this time even though the Civil War had ended |
| Civil War Amendments | 13th Amendment- abolished slavery forever 14th Amendment- granted citizenship to all African-Americans 15th Amendment- allowed all African American males the right to vote |
| Completion of Transcontinental Railroad | first railroad the went from east to west, allowed Westward Expansion to happen |
| Indian Wars | during the Indian Removal Act some tribes fought back not giving up their land, when the Native Americans did this, it angered the whites and led to fights, the Indians usually lost most of the battles |
| Gilded Age | the time after the Civil War where people benefitted from the country's misfortune, big business monopolies formed, trade unions formed from workers having poor working conditions |
| Populist Party | a third party that had formed that represented the common folk, mostly farmers, showed what the common people wanted |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Louisiana required that blacks and whites must have separate railway cars |
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