Criado por CallToMuster
mais de 9 anos atrás
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Questão | Responda |
Pope Gregory VII | A powerful medieval pope, he fought with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over the power to choose church officials. |
friar | members of a religious order who lived and worked among the public |
Pope Urban II | Medieval pope, he called on the Christians to launch the First Crusade. |
King Richard I | King of England, he led Christian soldiers in the Third Crusade. He earned the respect of his enemies as well as his soldiers for his bravery and kindness. |
Dominic de Guzman | A Spanish priest who founded the Dominican Order. He was later named a saint. |
clergy | church officials |
Michelangelo | Italian Renaissance artist, he designed buildings, wrote poetry, and created sculptures and paintings. |
humanist | someone who believes in the value of humans and thinks in a logical, rational way |
Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain, his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe. |
King Henry IV | Holy Roman Emperor, he fought with Pope Gregory VII over the power to choose church officials. |
heretic | something that goes against the Church's teachings |
Saint Ignatius of Loyola | Spanish noble and saint, he founded the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. |
Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian writer and politician, he wrote The Prince in which he advised leaders on how to rule. |
Dante Alighieri | Italian Renaissance, he wrote The Divine Comedy in the Italian language. |
Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch priest, he published In Praise of Folly in which he criticized corrupt clergy. His criticisms helped inspire the Protestant Reformation. |
Johann Gutenberg | German printer, he developed a printing press that used movable type. |
Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer, his book "On The Revolution Of The Celestial Spheres" helped begin the Scientific Revolution. |
Prince Henry the Navigator | Prince of Portugal, he helped promote exploration by Portuguese sailors. |
Johannes Kepler | German astronomer, he proved that the planets orbit the sun. |
Pope Leo IX | Pope in 1049, he believed that all church officials should answer to the pope. Leo excommunicated bishop of Constantinople because the he wouldn't recognize his authority. |
monk | a religious man who lived apart from society in an isolated community |
Saladin | Muslim general, he led the Muslim forces during the Third Crusade. |
Francis of Assisi | Italian saint, he encouraged others to be kind to people and founded the Franciscan Order. |
Thomas Aquinas | Dominican philosopher, he argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian belief. |
Pope Innocent III | Decided in the early 1200s that heresy was too big a threat to ignore. Called a crusade against the heretics in southern France. |
Leonardo da Vinci | Genius of the Renaissance, he was a painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, town planner, and mapmaker. |
rationalist | someone who thinks rationally and logically |
Vasco de Gama | Portuguese sailor, he sailed around Africa to reach India. |
John Calvin | Christian reformer, he taught about predestination, living good lives, and obeying God’s laws. |
William Tyndale | English professor, he translated the Bible into English and was later executed for heresy. |
Saint Francis Xavier | Jesuit priest and missionary, he introduced Catholicism to parts of India and Japan. |
William Shakespeare | English Renaissance writer and playwright, he is considered by many to be the greatest English writer of all time. |
Huguenots | French Protestants (largely Calvinist) that suffered severe persecution by the Church. |
Lutherans | a follower of Martin Luther |
Galileo Galilei | Italian scientist, he was the first scientist to routinely use experiments to test theories. He was placed on trial for supporting theories that contradicted Church teachings. |
Sir Francis Drake | an English privateer who stole treasure from Spanish transport |
Sir Isaac Newton | English scientist, he studied and simplified the work of earlier scientists. He identified four laws that explained how the physical world works. |
The Holy Land | the region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea where Jesus lived, preached, and died |
Granada | a Muslim stronghold on the Mediterranean coast of Spain |
sect | a group of people with slightly different religious beliefs than the larger group to which they belong |
religious order | a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules |
thesis | a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved |
bull | an official document issued by the pope to explain the Bible or other religious teachings |
pilgrimage | a journey to a sacred place |
natural law | a law that people believed God had created to govern how the world operated |
Congress | the national legislative body of a country |
Parliament | (in the UK) the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. |
Edict of Nantes | a law granting religious freedom in most of France |
Council of Trent | a meeting of church leaders to discuss, debate, and reform Catholic teachings |
Treaty of Westphalia | The agreement in Europe that allowed leaders to determine whether or not their countries would be Catholic or Protestant. |
Ninety-Five Theses | On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed a list of complaints about the church to a door in Wittenburg. It is called the Ninety-Five Theses. |
Protestant Reformation | a reform movement against the Church |
Renaissance | the period of “rebirth” and creativity that followed Europe’s Middle Ages |
humanism | the study of history, literature, public speaking, and art that led to a new way of thinking in Europe in the late 1300s |
capitalism | an economic system in which individuals and private businesses run most industries |
mercantilism | a system in which a government controls all economic activity in a country and its colonies to make the government stronger and richer |
caravel | a Portuguese ship style that has triangular sails and better steering |
Spanish Armada | a large fleet of Spanish ships that was defeated by England in 1588 |
Triangular Trade | the three pronged trade network that included raw materials from the colonies in the Americas, manufactured products from Europe, and slaves from Africa |
Columbian Exchange | the exchange of goods and ideas between the New World and Europe |
excommunication | to cast out from the church |
heresy | something that goes against the Church's ideas |
Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia fought for the control of the Holy Land from 1096 to 1291. |
theory | an explanation a scientist develops based on facts |
logical | rational, reasonable |
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