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| Questão | Responda |
| The facts | Compared to men, women are more likely to: - have a stronger personal religious commitment and express a greater interest in religion - involve themselves in religious rituals and worship To join NAMs and NRMs(Bruce) |
| Socialisation | Females are brought up to be more nurturing, caring and more involved with their feelings than men. (Expressive role) These factors may explain women's greater involvement in religion |
| Socialisation(Guardians of family life) | Women are expected to defend the tradition in the family. Women are more likely to feel it necessary to take charge of their children's moral development and introduce them to religion and other approved social values |
| Socialisation(Nurturing) | Women are less confrontational or aggressive and are more caring.This could explain why more women are joining NAMs and NRMs because they offer natural solutions associated with wellbeing (Bruce) E.g. yoga, mindfulness, aromatherapy Bruce found that these appeal more to women than men |
| Status Frustration | Women may experience status frustration or lack of personal fulfillment due to being confined at home or their unsatisfying middlce class job. Religious participation in NRMs and NAMs can help to overcome or compensate for this. |
| Religion is not always beneficial to Women | Religion is not the main cause of oppression but is manipulated to reinforce patriarchal cultural norms(El Saadawi). E.g. Female Circumcision - The Koran does not say it, but it has been manipulated in order to control women |
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