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| Questão | Responda |
| What are somatypes? | Body builds thought to be related to certain personality characteristics or temperaments. |
| What are the three somatypes? | 1. Endomorphs: slow, soft, and comfort loving 2. Ectomorphs: lean and fragile 3. Mesomorphs: muscular, active, and aggressive |
| Why is it difficult to link personality types to deviant behavior? | Because deviance comes in so many forms, so that identity thieves are likely to be rather different from robbers, gamblers, or drug users. |
| T or F: Durkheim thinks that deviance is NOT functional for society. | False |
| What is the root to crime and deviance according to the structural perspective? | The invisible social structures tat make up any society. |
| When does deviant behavior occur? | When socially sanctioned means are not available for the realization of highly desirable goals. |
| What is the difference between how conflict and functionalist theories view society? | They view it as pluralistic, heterogeneous, and conflictual rather than unified and consensual. |
| How does cultural theorists view deviance? | As a collective act, driven and carried out by groups of people. |
| T or F: being labeled deviant is the consequence of others reactions. | True |
| Chapter 6 facts to know | Crime is present not only in major societies but in all types of societies |
| Fact | Crime is normal because a society without it is impossible. |
| Fact | Crime is necessary and is bound with fundamental conditions of all social life and is useful. |
| Fact | When crime exists collective sentiments are sufficiently flexible to take on a new form. |
| Chapter 7 | Facts. |
| Fact | Broader patterns of crime characterize certain groups of people because of the social "strain" they face between the good things society offers and their inability to legitimately attain them. |
| What are two elements of social structure that are important. | 1. Culturally defined goal, purposes, and interests held out as legitimate objectives. 2. Defines, regulates, and controls the acceptable modes of reaching out for these goals. |
| Fact | Think about the American society and the idea to not be a quitter. |
| Fact | A lot of people base their goals on what's accepted by society. |
| What are the five types of individual adaptation? | 1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualism 4.Retreatism 5. Rebellion Refer to pages 82-83 |
| Chapter 8 | Differential Association |
| What are the steps to the process of how a person engages in criminal behavior? | 1. Criminal behavior is learned. 2. it is learned in interaction with others in process of communication. 3. The principal patty of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. 4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learned includes |
| Steps continued | 5. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable & unfavorable. 6. A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law. |
| Steps continued | 7. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. 8. The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti criminal patterns involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning. |
| Steps continued | 9. While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those general needs and values, since noncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values. (Look for an expansion on pages 85-87) |
| Chapter 9 | Control Theory |
| How is conforming behavior reinforced? | By individuals attachment to norm-abiding members of society. |
| T or F: Control theorists assume that delinquent acts result when an individuals bond to society is weak or broken. | True |
| What are the elements of the bond between individuals and deviance within the society? | 1. Attachment 2.Committment 3. Involvement 4. Belief (look at notes written on page 93) |
| Chapter 10 Chesney Lind | Feminists Theory |
| Does Chesney Lind see gender as a master status or power status? | Master |
| Key Facts | -Mostly about statistics of female delinquency, childhood abuse, court law enforcement agencies, and women in jail -Different factors like getting married young, having a child young, etc |
| Chapter 11 | Constructionalism |
| How do we socially construct deviance? | When we define behavior as deviant that is the beginning of the process to socially constructing deviance. |
| What were advantages to studying social problems? | - Researchers had the field to themselves. - The constructionist approach was flexible. |
| Key facts | Discussed the evolution of constructionalism and different things that they studied like child abduction and other forms of deviance. |
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