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| Questão | Responda |
| Study of disease | Pathology |
| 2 divisions of pathology | Anatomic Clinical |
| Study of morphologic aspects of disease Morbid anatomy Dissection of microscopic examination | Anatomic |
| Considered when examining a biopsy | GMMIC 1. Gross anatomical make up of sample 2. Microscopic appearance of cells 3. Molecular biology of the cells, tissues, organs and whole body 4. Immunological markers present in cells 5. Chemical signatures in the sample |
| Subspecialties of Anatomic Pathology | D VFF CHICS 1. Dermatopathology 2. Veterinary pathology 3. Forensic pathology 4. Flow cytometry 5. Cytogenetics 6. Histopathology 7. Immunohistochemistry and FISH tech. 8. Cytopathology 9. Surgical pathology |
| Which subspecialty: Breast lump mastectomy | Surgical pathology |
| Which subspecialty: Examination of cells under microscope (stained) | Histopathology |
| Which subspecialty: Cells from body fluids, scrapings/aspirations | Cytopathology |
| Examples of Cytopathology | Cervical smear Gastric washing Sputum |
| Which subspecialty: Post mortem examination | Forensic pathology |
| Post mortem examination is called what? | Autopsy |
| Which subspecialty: Skin disorders | Dermatopathology |
| Which subspecialty: To know origin of tumor, cancer | Immunohistochemistry and FISH tech. |
| Behavior of a disease | Prognosis |
| Clinical Pathology subspecialties | LIHIMM 1. Lab medicine 2. Immunopathology 3. Hematology 4. Involves lab analysis of body fluids 5. Medical Chemistry 6. Microbiology |
| Which subspecialty: Assessment of blood and urine | Chemical pathology, Medical chemistry Clinical chemistry |
| Which subspecialty: Study of immune system disorders | Immunopathology |
| 3 examples of immune system disorders | OIA 1. Organ transplant rejections 2. Immunodeficiency 3. Allergies |
| Which subspecialty: Diagnosis of blood diseases | Hematology |
| 6 Roles of a histotechnologist | PARASS 1. Perform proper histopathologic technique 2. Adhere to policies and procedures 3. Report problems to pathologist 4. Assist pathologist 5. Slides free of excess adhesive, dirt, paraffin 6. Submit best quality slides to pathologist |
| Alteration of homeostasis Change in structure/function Considered abnormal in the body | Disease |
| State of sameness/normalcy the body strives to maintain | Homeostasis |
| Pathologic condition of body and mind | Disorder |
| Example of nutritional disorder | Vitamin deficiency |
| Example of bone disorder | Malformation of a joint |
| Group of symptoms caused by several interrelated problems | Syndrome |
| Structural/Morphological alterations associated with a diseased state in an individual | Lesion |
| A change which is specifically characteristic of a disease Distinct for a disease | Pathognomic lesion |
| Example of pathognomic lesion | Reed-Sternberg cells (RS cells) in Hodgkins Disease |
| Observed manifestations, seen by naked eye | Clinical Signs |
| Subjective feeling of an abnormality in the body Reported by the person himself/herself | Clinical Symptoms |
| What are 5 Predisposing factors of developing disease | HAGEL 1. Heredity 2. Age 3. Gender 4. Environment 5. Lifestyle |
| Predisposing factor for Age: Newborns and Elderly? | Newborns - IS not fully developed Elderly - IS degenerating |
| Predisposing factor for Gendery: Men (2) Women (3) | Men - Lung CA, Gout Women - prone to Breast CA, Osteoporosis, Rheumatoid arthritis |
| 3 Arthritis include... | GOR 1. Gout 2. Osteoporosis 3. Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Pimple is an example of what? | Papule |
| A papule with water is what? | Vesicule |
| Inflammation of the big toe due to Gout | Podagra |
| Smoking causes what? (3) | CEL 1. COPD 2. Emphysema 3. Lung CA |
| Alcohol drinking leads to what? (1) | Cirrhosis |
| Lack of exercise may lead to what? (1) | Low backbone pain |
| Stress can lead to what? (1) | Production of oxidants |
| Caused by injury from an external forc Leading cause of death in children and young adults | Trauma |
| Protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury/irritant | Inflammation |
| Signs and symptoms of inflammation | D CTRL Dolor (pain) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Rubor (redness) Loss of function |
| Refers to invasion of microorganisms into tissues that can cause cell or tissue injury | Infection |
| Overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus | Hyperplasia |
| AKA Tumors - Swelling | Neoplasms |
| TRUE or FALSE All tumors are neoplasms | FALSE |
| Overconsumption or underconsumption of nutrients | Nutritional Imbalance |
| Inadequate nutrient intake | Malnutrition |
| Ill, thin, wasted appearance of individual | Cachexia |
| Overconsumption of nutrients and lack of exercise | Obesity |
| Change in tissue lining | Metaplasia |
| 2 ways the immune system protects the body | 1. Inflammatory response - leukocytes play a vital role in killing foreign invaders 2. Specific Ag-Ab reaction |
| Type I hypersensitivity Allergens (house dust, grass, perfumes, insect bites) | Allergy |
| Body's lymphocytes cannot identify the body's own self Ag which are harmless. Type III hypersensitivity | Autoimmunity |
| Decrease or absence of lymphocytes Decrease in CD4 | Immunodeficiency |
| Types of disease | INIP Infectious Non-infectious Idiopathic disease Psychosomatic |
| Type of disease making use of pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Protozoa) | Infectious |
| Non-transmissible / Non-communicable diseases | Non-infectious |
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