ch. 2 Ancient Mesopotamia Egypt

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chapter 2 vocab
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Mesopotamia "land between the rivers"; located in the eastern
sumerians the creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization
Fertile Crescent the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape
polytheistic humans were supposed to obey and serve the gods
ziggurats often built atop massive stepped towers
theocracy a government by divine authority
cuneiform denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia
Hammurabi's law code a Babylonian legal code of the 18th century b.c. or earlier, instituted by Hammurabi and dealing with criminal and civil matters
patrisarchal relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men
Nile river begins in the heart of Africa and courses northward for more than 4,000 miles
inundation annual flooding of the Nile river
cataracts waterfalls along the Nile river
Silt rich black mud left behind from the flooding of the Nile River
king menes an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period
dynasty a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family
pharaoh originally meaning "great house" or "palace" eventually became the most common
vizier in charge of the government bureaucracy
mummification a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting
ba + ka The ancient Egyptians believed that a human soul was made up of five parts
canopic jars used by the Ancient Egyptians during the mummification process to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife
great pyramid an enormous construction project
Sarcophagus formed the outer layer of protection for a royal mummy
king khufu ancient Egyptian pharaoh, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period
sphinx a mythical creature with, as a minimum, the head of a human and the body of a lion
old kingdom the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement
middle kingdom the period in the history of ancient Egypt between about 2000 BC and 1700 BC
new kingdom the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC
queen hatshepsut one of the first women to become pharaoh
king tut an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom
Ramses ii (the great) the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
cleopatra vii the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
scribe a person who writes books or documents by hand in hieroglyphics
hieroglyphics a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements
The Rosetta Stone a stone with writing on it in two languages
Hyksos invaded Egypt; and ruled for 200 years; introduced the horse drawn chariot
Hatshepsut first great woman ruler in history
Akhenaten rejected the traditional religion in favor of worshiping the Aten, or sun disc
Papyrus reed like plant grows on the Nile River Ancient Egyptians used to write on
Cultural Diffusion the spreading of ideas from one culture to another culture

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