38697443
Descrição
FlashCards por Prarthana Nica, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Prarthana Nica
mais de 1 ano atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| research method & design | laboratory experiment independent measures design |
| levels of the IV: condition 1 | condition 1: model type aggressive model non-aggressive model & control (no model) |
| levels of the IV: condition 2 | condition 2: model gender male model female model |
| levels of the IV: condition 3 | condition 3: learner gender male learners female learners |
| how was the DV measured? | measured through controlled observation for a period of 20 minutes at 5-second intervals |
| response measures of learners' imitation | imitative physical aggression, imitative verbal aggression & imitative non-aggressive verbal responses |
| partially imitative aggression | mallet aggression & sits on the Bobo doll |
| DV | imitative learning |
| non-imitative aggression | physical aggression directed toward objects other than the Bobo doll verbal aggression excluding remarks made by models |
| other behaviour units/categories | # aggressive gun-play # non-aggressive play # not playing at all |
| sample and sampling technique | 36 girls + 36 boys aged 3-6 years from the Stanford University Nursery School opportunity sampling |
| rating of children before the study | 51 out of 72 of the participants were rated by an experimenter and a nursery teacher on pre-existing levels of aggression. the remaining 21 were rated by only 1 observer |
| inter-rater reliability for ratings of children | 0.89 |
| scales used for rating pre-existing levels of aggression | 4 five-point scales that measured: physical agg., verbal agg., agg. toward inanimate objects & agg. inhibition |
| qualitative data | approving and disapproving/surprised comments from the observers on the behaviour of the models. e.g.: "that's no way for a lady to behave" |
| hypothesis 1 & 2 | 1. observed aggressive behaviour will be imitated 2. observed non-aggressive behaviour will be imitated |
| hypothesis 3 & 4 | 3. Children will be more likely to copy same-sex models 4. Boys will be more likely to copy aggression than girls |
| procedure for aggressive model | laid on its side, sat on, punched in the nose, picked up & hit on the head with a mallet, tossed up in the air & kicked |
| items in the experimental room (secondary location) | 3-foot Bobo doll, mallet, peg board, dart gun and a tether ball w a face painted on it tea set, colouring paper & crayons, cars, trucks, plastic farm animals, a ball, 2 dolls & 3 bears |
| verbal remarks made by aggressive model | 'kick him' 'he sure is a tough fella' |
| standardisation | all participants were put through a stage in which they were deliberately mildly annoyed |
| why was it necessary for participants to be mildly annoyed? | watching aggression may reduce the production of aggression in oneself ensure that even the non-agg. & control groups would be likely to express aggression |
| results: imitative aggression | mean score boys: 25.8(P), 12.7(V) mean score girls: 7.2(P), 2.0(V) |
| highest mean aggression scores | male subjects observing male models: imitative: 25.8, 12.7 partially imitative (mallet): 28.8 non-imitative: 36.7 |
| sex-typed comments for female models | '...that's not the way for a lady to behave.' 'You should have seen what that girl did in there. She was acting just like a man.' |
| sex-typed comments for male models | 'Al's a good socker...I want to sock like Al' 'That man is a strong fighter' |
| aim | to investigate whether children would learn aggressive behaviour by observing a model & whether they would reproduce the behaviour in the model's absence and if the sex of the model was important |
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