Plant genetics

Questão	Responda
Why alter plant genetics?	Improve taste Facilitate harvest Tolerance to environmental stresses Improve flowers/flower color Increased nutritional value Pest and disease resistance
DNA	genes that control an organism
RNA	genetic material that makes proteins from the DNA
Mitosis	Splitting a cell into two clone cells- done through vegetative propogation
Meiosis	Dividing half the number of chromosomes to create a new organism with a unique set of genes- through sexual reproduction
Haploid	One single set of genes, half the number of normal chromosomes
Diploid	pairs of chromosomes, normal set
Tripoid	One extra set of chromosomes
Tetraploid	Two extra sets of chromosomes
Polyploidy	many more times the normal number of chromosomes- more vigorous and productive plants
3(n) triploid	Created through double fertilization- second sperm unites with tissues in the ovary to create endosperm
The process of cloning plants	Propagation through cuttings layering grafting tissue culture
Heterosis/hybrid vigor	plants have greater size or vigor compared to parents
Inbreeding depression	too many recessive alleles cause problems
Dioecy	Separate male and female plants make cross-fertilization necessary
Incompatibility	Inability to pollinate own species Requires a pollinator and a pollinizer
Pollinator	Insect or bird that can carry pollen
Pollinizer	Plant or tree than can fertilize another plant or tree
Examples of incompatible trees	Sweet cherries, apples, plums, pears, almonds, hazelnuts
Dichogamy	male and female parts develop at different times, creating a need for cross-fertilization
Xenia	Happens with corn- cross-fertilization happens immediately. Corn should be separated by a mile or planted 2 weeks apart
How to avoid problems with selection pressure	Rotating modes of action such as using different pesticides

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	Criado por Carissa McClellan aproximadamente 1 ano atrás