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Descrição
FlashCards por Shadow Wolf, atualizado 4 meses atrás
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Criado por Shadow Wolf
4 meses atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| ETHICS | - Ethics are questions of right or wrong- moral codes which should be followed. Here I will focus on 2 ethics. Human ethics and Animal ethics. |
| HUMAN ETHICS | -Ethical guidelines that should be followed, especially for children. |
| HUMAN ETHICS: INFORMED CONSENT | -Informed consent means the participants agreeing to participate in the study whilst knowing the true aims of the study -If the study participants are children the researcher's must get informed consent from parents. |
| HUMAN ETHICS: DECEPTION | -Deceptions means lying to participants or withholding information -To be ethical this must be kept to a minimum and whilst withholding to avoid demand characteristics is acceptable iy is not allowed to provide false info -If the truth will not effect the results then the ppt must be told the truth. |
| HUMAN ETHICS: CONFIDENTIALITY | -This means that participants personal information (including personal topics, names, identity, address) must be kept between researcher and participant. -When psychologists publish results they must not allow their ppts to be identified (for the ppts own safety and privacy) |
| HUMAN ETHICS: DEBRIEFING | -If (ex a field experiment) consent cannot be collected then ppts must be fully debriefed after the study -This means they should be allowed to ask questions as well as get all the details of the truth. They should also be allowed to withdraw their information in the study if they wish. |
| HUMAN ETHICS: RIGHT TO WITHDRAW | -Ppts must be made aware that they can withdraw results or from the study at any time. |
| HUMAN ETHICS- PRIVACY | -People have the right of privacy and what gets shared about their personal information -If this is broken, then confidentiality must be maintained to ensure ethical. |
| HUMAN ETHICS- PROTECTION FROM HARM | -Participants should not suffer any lasting emotional, mental or physical harm in an experiment- especially children. They must be protected and ensure safety at all times. -Risk is acceptable if its no greater than risk experience in everyday life |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- | -Codes of ethic that should be followed when using animals in research. Animals are useful as they can replace humans in experiments that cannot be done ethically with humans however great care must be taken when using animals |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- REPLACEMENT | --Researchers should consider replacing animals with other options such as computer simulations. Animals should not be made to suffer when other options are available |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- SPECIES | -The species chosen for an experiment should be the least likely to suffer pain and distress. It should be scientifically and ethically suitable for the use -This means having knowledge of the species history and sentience. |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- NUMBER OF ANIMALS | -Number of animals used in a study should be kept to the minimum needed. -Animals should not be overused or the small number used for an extended time which can cause suffer. The study should not be too long for the amount of animals used. |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- PROCEDURES | -Animal experiences of the study should only be positive and not include any form of suffering. This includes causing death, disease, injury, physiological/psychological stress, significant discomfort, or any disturbance to normal health- immediate or long term. -Procedures should be observed and allowed. |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- HOUSING CONDITIONS | -Should recreate the natural habitat that the species is accustomed to. The animals should never be isolated nor overcrowded in their housing and health should be prioritised. -Isolation in cages can cause stress to social animals- so can overcrowding, The natural behaviour of individual animals should be concerned and their previous social experience considered to minimise stress. |
| ANIMAL ETHICS- REWARD, DEPRIVATION AND AVERSIVE STIMULI | -In planning studied deprivation and aversive stimulation (punishment) must be avoided and reward used only. Deprivation can cause distress to animals and so can aversive stimulation cause emotional, physical and mental harm to the animal. -Rewards are more acceptable ethically and can motivate an animal to repeat behaviours or participate in the study. |
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