Political Ideology and Parties

Questão	Responda
Party Competition	The battle of the parties for control of public offices.
Political Party	According to Anthony Downs, "a team of men seeking to control the governing apparatus by gaining office in a dually constituted election." A loose aggregation of state parties which are a fluid association of individuals, groups, and local organizations.
Party Teams	Are very difficult to lead and run every which way
Three-Headed Political Giant	The Party in the Electorate The Party in the Organization The Party in the Government
The Party in the Electorate	Largest component of an American political party -Anyone can join by simply calling their self a member
The Party as an Organization	Involves the national office, full-time staff, rules and bylaws, budgets, and has a state and local headquarters. -Party as precinct leaders, county chairpersons/delegates, and officials in DC who run the party in between elections.
The Party in the Government	Elected officials who call themselves members like presidents, members of Congress, governors, and lesser-office holders. -Known to put ambition above loyalty and do not necessarily agree with one another -The main spokespersons, they get the message to the people.
Linkage Institutions	The channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the government's policy agenda. -Elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. -Put the pressing concerns on the government's agenda.
Tasks of the Political Parties	-Pick Candidates -Run Campaigns -Give Cues to Voters -Articulate Policies -Coordinate Policymaking
Rational Choice Theory	A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. Generally assumes that individuals act in their own best interest. "Seeks to explain political processes and outcomes as consequences of purposive behavior."
Downs Model	1.) Voters want to maximize the chances that policies they favor will be adopted by the government. 2.) Parties want to win office
Political Parties	Generate symbols of loyalty and identification, mobilize majorities in the electorate and government, recruit political leaders, implement policies, and faster stability in government.
The Middle	Majority of voters are in "the middle," and are not extremely conservative or liberal.
Party Image	The voter's perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for such as conservatism or liberalism.
Party Identification	A citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other.
Independent	A party becoming more popular with youth that does not identify with the major parties.
Ticket-Splitting	Voting for one party for office and with another party for other offices. -The norm for American voting behavior
Party Machines	a type of political organization that relies heavily on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes and to govern.
Patronage	One of the key inducements by party machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than merit or competence alone.
Boss Tweed	High profile user of patronage. Made millions off of tax receipts, payoff, and kick backs. Also Mayor of New York.
Urban Machines	Depend upon ethnic groups. -Power was weakened by progressive reformers power and regulations concerning fair biddings.
Closed Primaries	Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party can vote for that party's candidate, encouraging loyalty.

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Political Ideology and Parties

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	Criado por Aneyceia Brim aproximadamente 9 anos atrás