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| Questão | Responda |
| What hormone regulates Na+ reabsorption? | Aldosterone |
| How do we get aldosterone to the blood and kidneys? | Through RAAS (Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) |
| Explain RAAS | Angiotensinogen is mae by the liver. The enzyme Renin from the kidney then converts this to Angiotensin 1. ACE, the enzyme from the lungs converts this to Angiotensin 2 which can tell the adrenal cortex to make Aldosterone, increasing the no. of Na+ channels for reabosption. |
| What stimulates RAAS? | When there is a decrease in NaCl levels of when there low blood pressure. If blood pressure too low, opposing forces won't allow for filtration. |
| How can water be reabsorbed? | > Through RAAS >Via the Anti Diuretic Hormone |
| What effect does ADH have on the Kidneys? | > Causes walls of distal tubule and collecting ducts to become more permeable to water > Reduces the rate of urination > Also increases the thirst |
| What is the 4 step process for ADH secretion? | >Stimulus - dehydration >Sensor -nerve cell sends signal to hypothalamus to produce ADH >Effector -posterior pituitary gland secretes ADH >Response - increased water absorption in kidneys. |
| What is an Osmoconformer? | Organisms that are in osmotic equilibrium with their environment. They rely on their environment for osmotic homeostasis (marine fish and sharks) |
| What is an Osmoregulator? | Maintain their own blood omsolarity and homeostasis despite changes in their environment. (All vertebrates) |
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