4484325
Descrição
FlashCards por Lewis Tonge, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Lewis Tonge
quase 9 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| What was used to ease pain before the 1800s and discovery of anaesthetics? | Before anaesthetics, alcohol and opium were used to ease pain during operations. |
| What anaesthetic was first used in in 1844 in dentistry? | Laughing gas was first used in 1844. |
| What anaesthetic was used from 1846? | Ether was first used as an anaesthetic in 1846. |
| What anaesthetic was dicovered by James Simpson in 1847? | Chloroform was discovered by James Simpson in 1847 accidentally after inhaling chemicals with friends. |
| What anaesthetic was first used in 1884 before a less addictive version was made in 1905? | Cocaine was first used as an anaesthetic in 1884 before a less addictive version, novocaine was produced in 1905. |
| What were the disadvantages of using alcohol and opium for pain relief? | -Alcohol and opium had little success in easing pain during operations. |
| What were the advantages of using alcohol and opium for pain relief? | -Patients became slightly less aware of pain however were still vulnerable to it. |
| What were the disadvantages of using laughing gas as an anaesthetic? | -Laughing gas failed to ease all pain. -Patients remained conscious. -Didn't last a long time. |
| What were the advantages of using laughing gas as an anaesthetic? | -It was much more successful at easing pain than alcohol and opium. |
| What were the disadvantages of using ether as an anaesthetic? | -Made patients cough during operations and sick afterwards. -It was highly flammable. -It had to be carried in heavy glass bottles. |
| What were the advantages of using ether as an anaesthetic? | -Made patients totally unconscious. -Lasted a long time. -Relieved patients of all pain during an operation. |
| What were the disadvantages of using chloroform as an anaesthetc | -Difficult to get the dosage correct resulting in many deaths. (Use of inhaler prevented this) -Caused heart problems. |
| What were the advantages of using chloroform as an anaesthetc | -Made patients totally unconscious. -Relieved patients of all pain during an operation. -Didn't all of the side effects that ether had. |
| What were the disadvantages of using cocaine as an anaesthetic? | -Extremely addictive. -Patients remained conscious. |
| What were the advantages of using cocaine as an anaesthetic? | -It was the first local anaesthetic that could numb pain in specific areas |
| What were the advantages of using novocaine as an anaesthetic? | -Novocaine was less addictive than cocaine. -Novocaine made the patient totally unconscious. -Relieved patients of all pain during an operation. |
| Why was there opposition to anaesthetics? | -People were worried about the long term affects of anaesthetics. -Some doctors thought being unconscious made the patient more likely to die. -More complex operations began to get carried out so more patients died from blood loss and infection. -The Victorians were very religious and thought pain was inflicted by god for a reason meaning it would be wrong to interfere. |
| What did James Simpson do? | -Discovered chloroform in 1847. -Wrote articles and gave lectures to promote the use of chloroform for the use of surgery and childbirth. |
| What happened in surgery before anaesthetics? | -Surgery was extremely painful; patients died from shock. -Surgeons worked fast to minimise pain and blood loss. -Patients had to be held down making it difficult for surgeons. -Most operations were amputations or operations close to the surface of the body. |
| Impact of anaesthetics on surgery. | -Surgery became pain free. -Surgeons could take more time and work with more precision although still had to deal with blood loss. -Patients didn't struggle so surgeons found operations easier. -Deeper surgery was possible increasing the risk of infection. This led to the 'black period' of surgery. |
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