Questão | Responda |
Homo erectus | -Originated in China and Indonesia -Large face -Thick cranial walls -Sagittal keel -No sagittal crest -Used mode 1 technology |
Homo heidelbergensis | -Larger brains -High foreheads -Rounded occipital bones -Used mode 2 and 3 technology |
Neanderthals | -Faces bulge in middle -Large brow ridges -Rounded back of skull -Large cranial capacity -Robust and heavily muscled -Mode 3 technology -Wore clothes -Buried dead |
Homo florensis | -Three feet tall -Small brain cages Maybe descendant of H. erectus |
Denisova Hominin | -Sister species of Neanderthals but are a different lineage -genetic exchange between Denisova, Neanderthals, and AMH because they coexisted |
Gibbons | -Only southeast Asia -Monogamous |
Orangutans | -Only southeast Asia -Bimaturation: two types of reproduction -Juvenile male: covert copulation/rape -Flanged male: appropriate copulation, normal development |
Gorillas | -Africa -Assort groups into harems where one male controls many females -Infanticide |
Chimps | -Africa, north of Zaire river -Male dominated groups -Strong female-female bonds |
Bonobos | -Africa, south of Zaire river -Non-violent mating -Less hierarchal |
Angiosperms | -Covered seeds -More diverse |
Gymnosperms | -Naked seeds |
Ardipithecus | -Thick enamel -Shorter arms -Small brains -Upright posture -Less prognathism (flatter faces) |
Ancestral features | -Small molars -Thin enamel -Large canines -Large brow ridge -Small braincase |
Derived features | -Forward foramen magnum -Small canines -Prognathism |
Australopithecus | -Small bipeds -Small teeth |
Hominin locomotion | -Shorter trunk and legs -Long limbs -Nails instead of claws -Opposable thumbs -Loss of tails |
Theories of Bipedalism | -Solar radiation (less surface area towards the sun) -Hands free -Increased dependence of juveniles |
Hominin hunting | -Broad diet -Used tools -Shared food -Multi male and female groups |
Distribution of food | -Clustered is more likely to lead to conflict -Must be a balance between resource cost of group size and benefits of large group size defending a resource |
Sexual selection in group size | -Larger groups lead to more sexual selection by females -Males have an easier time monopolizing reproductive success of females due to limited movement |
Complex Foraging | -Collection -Extraction -Hunting: leads to food sharing, division of labour. Requires a long period of learning. Food flows between genders and ages |
Mode 1 Tools | -Hammer breaks off flakes from the main core rock |
Mode 2 Tools | Additional processing of flakes from working on both sides |
Mode 3 Tools (Levallois) | -Modification of the shape of core -Then breaking off a large and sharp flake |
Homo eragaster | -Originated in Europe, Africa, and Eurasia -Larger brain that previous hominins -No prognathism -Less sexual dimorphism -Long distance running -Used mode 2 technology |
Cenozic Era | (Age of Mammals) Mammals began to diversity |
Mesozoic Era | (age of reptiles) Dinosaurs dominated and the era ended with their extinction |
Traits of Primate evolution | -Binocular vision -Opposable thumbs -Prehensile (grasping) tails -Fingers instead of claws |
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