4840053
| Questão | Responda |
| Temporary Hardness - How it's made - | Acid rain lands on chalk/limestone (CaCO3) H2CO3 + CaCO3 -> Ca(HCO3)2) |
| Temporary Hardness - How to remove - | Boiling, washing soda, and ion-exchange resin |
| Problems of Hard Water | Doesn't form a lather easily, instead forms scum, forms limescale when heated/boiled |
| Problems with limescale | Unsightly, blocks pipes and reduces heating efficiency as it is a good insulator. CaCO3 |
| Washing Soda | Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate) Calcium ions react with carbonate ions, forming an insoluble precipitate Softens both types |
| Ion exchange resin | Sodium Ions on the resin are exchanged for calcium ions Softens both types |
| Permanent Hardness | Magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate dissolve in water |
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