Bio 103 Terms

Questão	Responda
Prokaryotic	"before nucleus" - a cell without a true nucleus
Eukaryotic	"true nucleus" - the nucleus is contained within a membrane-bound sac
Eubacteria	true bacteria
Archaea	organisms that live in X-TREME environments
Eukarya	The domain containing protists, fungi, plants, and animals
Producers	Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment (eg plants)
Consumers	Organisms that get energy and carbon by feeding on tissues, waste, or the remains of other organisms (eg animals)
Atom	Fundamental building block of all matter
Molecule	An association of two or more atoms
Cell	The smallest unit of life (minus viruses)
Organism	An individual; consists of one or more cells
Population	Group of individuals of a species in a given area
Community	All populations of all species in a given area
Ecosystem	A community interacting with its environment (the not-living bits: the amount of daylight, wind, etc.)
Biosphere	All regions of Earth that hold life
Critical thinking	Deliberate process of judging the quality of information before deciding whether or not to accept it
Science	Systematic study of the observable world
Hypothesis	Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon
Scientific method	Systematically making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses
Prediction	A statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct
Model	Analogous system used for testing hypotheses
Control group	Group not exposed to the variable being tested
Data	Factual information from experiments or surveys
Experimental group	Group of individuals who are exposed to a variable
Variable	Characteristic that differs among individuals over time
Sampling error	The difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and the results derived from testing a subset of the group
Probability	The measure, expressed as a percentage, of the chance that a particular outcome will occur
Statistically significant	Refers to a result that is statistically UNLIKELY to have occurred by chance
Scientific theory	Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing. Cannot be proven absolutely. Can be disproven by a single observation or result that is inconsistent with it
Law of Nature	Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation
Homeostasis	Set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding to change
Growth	Increase in size, volume, and number of cells in multicelled species
Development	Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult
Reproduction	Process by which parents produce offspring
Inheritance	Transmission of DNA from parents to offspring
DNA	Carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning
Electron	Negatively charged subatomic particle that occupies orbitals around the atomic nucleus
Charge	Electrical property of some subatomic particles Opposite charges attract; like charges repel
Nucleus	Core of an atom, occupied by protons and neutrons
Proton	Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of all atoms
Neutron	Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus
Element	A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons
Atomic number	Number of protons in the atomic nucleus Determines the element
Isotopes	Forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry Changes the mass number, but not the charge
Mass number	Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element’s atoms
Radioisotope	Isotope with an unstable nucleus, such as carbon 14 (14C)
Radioactive decay	Process by which atoms of a radioisotope spontaneously emit energy and subatomic particles when their nucleus disintegrates
Tracers	Molecules with a detectable substance attached, often a radioisotope Used in research and clinical testing
Shell Model	Model of electron distribution in an atom
Ion	Atom that carries a charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons
Free radicals	Solitary atoms that have unpaired electrons Have a very strong tendency to interact with other atoms Interactions make them dangerous to life

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