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| Questão | Responda |
| Background | Developed by Beck in the 1960’s Supposedly decreases re-conviction by 10% Believes change comes from the individual Identifies, then challenges and corrects faulty thinking Done through counselling which needs willing involvement |
| Background - Enhanced Thinking Skills | Addresses thinking/behaviour associated with offending Impulse Control → Resisting Urges Flexible Thinking → Thinking of different ways of solving problems Social Perspective Thinking → Learning to see situation from other person's perspective Moral Reasoning → Thinking about right and wrong Reasoning → thinking about consequences of behaviour Inter-Personal Problem Solving → How to settle disputes |
| Background – Reasoning & Rehabilitation | Focuses on those with anti-social behaviour, and have committed violent crimes = Not effective for those cognitively skilled 36 sessions taken Similar to ETS → changing maladaptive thoughts |
| Aim | To find out if cognitive skill programmes were effective in terms of lower re-offending rates |
| Sample | 180 females → started ETS or R&R between 1996 and 2000 → 14 non-completers Comparison – 540 female offenders not on course = Custodial sentence of 6 months or more = And completed at least 1 year in community after |
| Procedure | Expected reconviction rates calculated based on risk (high, medium or low) Reconviction rates calculated for 1 and 2 years after release ETS and R&R examined for effectiveness |
| Results | No significant difference found between treated/non-treated prisoners on expected reconviction rates No difference found between groups for actual reconviction after 1 or 2 years No differences for ETS → But R&R significantly more likely to re-offend |
| Conclusion | Earlier study in 2003 with males found significant difference (FRIENDSHIP ET. AL) ↳ But one year later was unable to find difference Results might be since programme was based on men's issues Not always delivered in prisons consistently |
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