557200
Descrição
FlashCards por ecmarchese, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por ecmarchese
quase 11 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| Diseases dealt with in everyday life | Systemic disease |
| What are some systemic diseases? | Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, parathyroid disease |
| If you have diabetes, what will you expect to see? | Coronary artery disease, a form of dilated cardiomyopathy may be noted in late stage |
| Arteries harden causing increase risk of atherosclerosis to occur | Coronary artery disease |
| What will you find when a pt has hypothyroidism? | Bradycardia, pericardial effusion/ tamponade, fat deposits in myocardium, decreased LV function |
| Is a decreased LV function reversible? | Yes |
| What does a pt with hyperthyroidism generally have? | Increased cardiac output |
| What does a pt with parathyroid disease generally present with? | Affects calcium metabolism, calcified mitral annulus, hyper or hypo dynamic LV |
| What are some connective tissue diseases? | Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, vasculitis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, mar fans syndrome |
| What does a pt with rheumatoid arthritis generally have? | Pericardial effusion found in acute stages |
| A pt with lupus will generally have these developments? | No bacterial wart like lesions on MV that resembles papilloma, pericarditis |
| Aka libman-sacks | Lupus |
| Narrowing of the coronary arteries | Vasculitis |
| Aka takayas | Vasculitis |
| Coronary artery spasms | Scleroderma |
| Infiltrative cardiomyopathy | Sarcoidosis |
| What things will you often see with a pt with mar fans syndrome? | Ascending aortic aneurysm, MVP, AR |
| What is a hematologic disorder? | Sickle cell anemia |
| A pt has sickle cell anemia, what will you commonly see in echo? | Cardiomyopathy, LV volume overload, hypertrophied with preserved contractility |
| With a neoplastic disorder, what will you see in echo? | Pericardial effusion |
| What are the guidelines for systemic hypertension? | Systolic BP above 140mmhg, diastolic bp above 90 mmhg, or both |
| What are the causes of primary systemic hypertension? | Unknown |
| What is the etiology of secondary systemic hypertension? | Renal artery disease, aortic coarctation, endocrine disease, drugs, hx of HTN, DM, IDH, CVA, smoking/alcohol, race and age, obesity/ weight gain |
| What race are at a higher risk for secondary systemic hypertension? | African Americans |
| What are the sign and symptoms of systemic hypertension? | Asymptomatic, headaches, dizziness/ blurred vision, palpitations, sweats, anxiety, dyspnea, CP, |
| What is the classic finding of systemic HTN? | LVH with normal systolic function |
| What are some echo findings of systemic HTN? | LVH with normal systolic function, LV pressure overload with normal cavity size, reduced LV function - end stage, increased LVEDP causes atrial HTN then increases resistance to pulmonary venous drainage, dilation of the aortic root, LA enlargement due to MR/MAC, pericardial effusion, normal systolic function, AOV sclerotic AR |
| What do you use Doppler on when there is systemic HTN? | MV, AOV |
| What will you find when you Doppler the MV when a pt has systemic HTN? | Diastolic dysfunction (reversed e:a), prolonged deceleration, MR |
| What will you find in Doppler of the AOV when a pt has systemic HTN? | AR common finding, sclerosis |
| What are some complications of systemic HTN? | Atherosclerotic complications, CHF, Tia/CVA, hypertensive renal disease, HTN encephalopathy, HTN retinopathy, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection |
| What are some atherosclerotic complications? | Angina, MI, acute MI |
| What is the most common cause of death for HTN? | Atherosclerosis |
| What are 2 methods of treatment for systemic HTN? | Non pharmacological, pharmacological therapy |
| What are some examples of a non pharmacological treatment? | Weight loss, exercise, reduction of sodium, cholesterol, alcohol, coffee and tobacco, stress reduction |
| What are some examples of pharmacologic therapies? | Diuretics, beta blockers, ace inhibitors, calcium channel blockers |
| What is the first drug of choice with systemic HTN? | Diuretics |
| What is the cause of primary HTN? | Unknown |
| What are some examples of secondary HTN? | Increased resistance of pulmonary venous drainage, increased resistance to vascular flow, increased resistance to pulmonary flow through pulmonary artery, hypo ventilation, |
| What are some miscellaneous examples of secondary pulmonary HTN? | High elevation, anomalous pulmonary vein return, tetralogy of fallot, IV drug abuse, takayasu |
| What will you see with a increased resistance of pulmonary venous drainage? | Increased LVEDP, la dilation, pulmonary venous obstruction |
| What will you see with a increased resistance to vascular flow? | COPD, hepatic cirrhosis, portal thrombosis |
| What will you find with a increased resistance to pulmonary flow through the pulmonary artery? | Pulmonary emboli, pulmonic stenosis |
| What will you see with hypo ventilation? | Obesity, pharyngeal tracheal obstruction, chest wall disorders |
| What are some signs and symptoms of phtn? | Dependent on underlying etiology, exertional dyspnea, fatigue, dizziness/ syncope, CP, palpitations, cough/ hoarseness, hemoptysis |
| What are some echo findings of PHTN? | Dilated pulmonary artery, RV dilation, paradoxical septal motion, septal hyper trophy, RVH, PV motion |
| What are some examples of PV motion? | Decreased/ absent a dip, mid systolic closure on mode, prolonged RV peak to peak ejection time intervals, premature PV opening with increased RV end diastolic pressures |
| What will you fin in Doppler with phtn? | Diastolic turbulence in RV outflow, tr, assess for RV systolic pressure |
| When you Doppler the pulmonary artery flow, what will you see with phtn? | Ejection time and acceleration time should be comparable |
| What do you treat for secondary phtn? | Treat underlying cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension |
| What are two methods of treatment for phtn? | Pharmacologically, surgically |
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