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| Questão | Responda |
| How does creatanism develop? | congenital hypothyroidism |
| what is the direct control of the thyroid gland? | the pituitary gland |
| what is sick euthyroid syndrome | hypothyroidism caused by surrounding factors including surgery, sever disease, starvation, neoplasia, cushings etc etc. |
| what causes hyperthyroidism? | a tumour usually; adenoma/adenomatous hyperplasia or very rarely adenocarcinoma. |
| What are the signs of hyperthyroidism? | hr>160bpm, increased metabolism, decreased weight, systolic murmurs (due to hcm), changes to behavior including increase affection, avoiding the radiator, unable to settle or more violent and gastrointestinal issues. |
| whats the easiest way to diagnose hyperthyroidism? | palpate the thyroid gland |
| Which cats don't get hyperthyroidism? | Siamese |
| If an owner isn't wanting to treat hyperthyroidism, what adjustments must be made at home? | the owner must allow the animal to eat as much as it wants , little and often high fat diets |
| what are the pros and cons with treating hyperthyroidism with drugs? | pros; they don't need to undergo an anaesthetic, money spread out over the cats lift so not one big blow cons; just cover the signs doesn't treat the cause, works out more expensive over 2 years than the other treatments, cats don't like pills |
| what are the drugs available? | methimazole or carbrimazole (carbrimazole is the pro drug of methimazole) |
| what are the side effects of methimazole or carbrimazole? | vomiting, self excoriation, hepatotoxicity and thrombocytopenia |
| What are the permeant options for treatment of hyperthyroidism? | -surgical -radiation therapy |
| what are the pros and cons of surgery? | pros- cheap and permanent resolution cons- fiddley, can cause serious issues if the parathyroid gland is removed |
| what is the worry if the animals parathyroid gland is removed? | the animal will become hypocalemic and need supplementing for life, it is an extremely dangerous situation |
| how should a cat be monitored post surgery? | the blood should be taken ever 4 hours or so to monitor calcium levels. Their behaviour should be monitored for anxiety, appetite loss, twitching, and facial itch. |
| How should hypoparathyroid gland be treated post thyroidectomy? | IV Ca administration, then supplementation of Ca and Vitamin D for a number of months. |
| what in ramseys opinion is the best hyperthyroid treatment and why? | radiotherapy, it costs £1300 and no worry of side effects |
| what are the issues of treating hyperthyroid with radiotherapy? | the animal needs to be stabilised for 3 weeks whilst its receiving treatment, if the animal is on medication it cannot be given over this period so not suitable for all and does cost £1300 |
| what typically causes hypothyroidism? | immune mediated conditions such as lymphocytic thyroiditis |
| How many animals with lymphocytic thyroiditis develop hypothyroidism? | 1:10 |
| what are the signs of hypothyroidism? | lethargy, bradycardia (decreased QRS complex, weak apex beat, obecity, cold intolerance, skin issues including myxodema (swollen face causing they eyes to squint), hyper pigmentation, seborrhea and patchy symetrical alopecia. Fmales may become infertile, abort and have gallactorrhoea (i.e. secrete a milky secretion from the mammary glands). |
| how should hypothyroidism be diagnosed? | On clinical signs plus 2 or three T4 samples (T4 naturally fluctuates during the day), Some people use a TSH test; this will be elevated if the animal has hypothyroidism although it however isn't all that sensitive, expensive (£200) and can cause an anaphylactic shock. An ACTH stim test is probably worth while, as chushings can present as hypothyroidism, will cause low T4 and is more common |
| How should hypothyroidism be treated? | levothyroxine |
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