Biology

Questão	Responda
Organelles	Separate regions of a cell with a specific role or function
Reducing sugar	A sugar that will turn benedicts solution brock red when heated in a boiling water bath
Pentose	A sugwr molecular that contains five carbon molecules
hexose	a sugar molecule that contains soxcarbon molecules
sucrase	enzyme digests lactose to galactose abd glucose
lactase	the enzyme that difests lactose to galactose abd glucose
maltose	the enzyme that digests maltose to glucose and galactose
maltose	the enzyme tha
Carboxyl	COOH a group of atoms found in organic molecules consisting of carbon with a double to ab oxygen and a single bond to hyroxyl group
hydroxyl	COH a group of atoms found o organic molecules consosting of hydrogen and an oxygen
Condensation	A joining reaction where water is removed to form a covalent bond
Glycosidic linkage	a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by avcondensation reaction
alpha helix	spiral structure can be found in protiens secondry structure of protiens arosing from a specific sequence of amino acids an patterb of HBonding between the atos of the polypeptide backbone not the side chains
beta pelated sheet	one of the secndary strcture of protiens on which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth 2 regions on the chain lie paralell to each other and are held together by H bonds between atoms
Polysaccharide	Polymer built from many monosaccharode monomers joined by covalent bonds e.g starch, Glycogen
Monomer	A is a molecule that is a subunit of a polymer
Polymer	A long molecule consisting of monomers liked by covalent bonds
Isomer	Molecules made of the same atom arranged in different orders
Monosaccharide	The simplest Carbohydrate active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharide and polysaccharides AKA simple sugars generally a multiple of CH20
Disaccharide	a double sugar consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond by a condensation reaction
Nuclear pores	Allows large molecules like mRNA out of the nucleus around 3000 pores
Nucleoplasm	makes up bulk of the nucleus jelly like many substances inc. enzymes and nucleotides are dissolved in here responsible for transport of materials vital for metablolism of cell
Chromatin	DNA found within nucleoplasm diffuse from chromosomes when not dividing
Nucleolus	small spherical body in nucloplasm manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes
Cell wall	Physical barrier that protects against damage and excludes certain substances
Capsule	Protects bacterium from other cells and helps groups of acteria stick together for further protection
Cell-surface membrane	Acts as a patrially permeable membrane contolls entrance and exit of chemicals
Flagellum	Aids movement of bacterium because its rigid and corkscrew shape and rotating base help cell spin through fluids
Circular DNA	Posesses the genetic informationfor the replication of bacterial cells
Plasmid	Holds genes that aid survival of bacteria in adverse conditions e.g produces enzymes which break down antibodies
nucleolus	no nucleolus
no nucleus only a diffuse area of nuclear material no unclear envelope	distinct nucleus with envelope
Circular strands of Dna but no chromosomes	Chromosomes present in which DNA is stored
No membrane bounded organelles	membrane bounded organelles such as mitachondria are present
no chloroplasts only ohotosynthetic regions in some bacteria	Chroloplasts present in plants and algae
Ribosomes are smaller 70s type	Ribosomes are larger 80s type
No endoplasmic reticulum or associated Golgi Appartus and lysosomes	Endoplasmic reticulum present with golgi apparatusnd lysosomes
Cell wall made of murien	cell wall made of mostly cellulose or chitin ir fungi
Mitachondrion	Double membrane inner =Cristae inside =Matrix➡ enzymes for respiration Site of anerobic respiration ATP produced Cells needing lots of energy =⬆Mitchondria
Chloroplast	In Plant and Algal cells Double membrane Where Photosynthesis takes place
Stroma	Thick fliud In Chloroplasts for the synthesis
Golgi Apparatus	A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound flattened sacs. Processes and packages new lipids and protiens Makes lysosomes
Golgi Vesicle	Fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane Produced by Golgi apparatus stores lipid and protiens made by golgi apparatus transports out of cell via cell sur-mem
Lysosome	Round Organelle surrounded by a membrane no clear internal structure its a type of golgi vesicle
Ribosome	Made of a small subunit and a large subunit very small organelle either floats free in cytoplasm or attached to ER made of protiens and rna not surrounded by a membrane site where protiens are made
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER	A system of membranes enclosing a fluid -filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes Folds and processes protiens that have been made at the ribosomes
Smooth Endopasmic reticulum SER	synthesises and processe lipids no ribosomes

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	Criado por Serena Davis aproximadamente 8 anos atrás