Criado por Rupinder Kaur
mais de 7 anos atrás
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Questão | Responda |
What are lipids ? | typically fats. Soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water |
the functions of lipids | - structural components of membranes - inter-cellular storage molecules - transport metabolic fuels -protection |
in addition to lipid functions what else can lipids be ? | vitamins and hormones |
what are fatty acids? | long chain carboxylic acid, this tends to be hydrophobic |
name of fat cells | Adipocytes |
where is excess energy stored? | Adipocytes (fat cells) |
what are trans-fatty acids? | trans-fatty acids, are acids that have double bonds so unsaturated, however the different groups are on opposite sides trans, about double bond |
is trans fats healthy or unhealthy | Unhealthy and pose a health risk |
relationship of melting point and chain length | longer the chain length the higher the melting point |
relationship between melting points and unsaturated/ saturated fatty acids | unsaturated fatty acids= low melting point saturated = high melting point |
Functions of fatty acids | - precursors of molecules - involved on biological signalling |
define the different types of unsaturated fatty acids poly and monounsaturated | - polyunsaturated --> has more than one double bond in the fatty acid chain - monounsaturated --> has one double bond in the fatty acid chain |
What does amphipathic mean? | amphipathic means that it is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic |
what is this structure and what is its function? | triglyceride (triacylglcyerol) --> derivatives of glycerol Function: storage of metabolic fuel |
How are fatty acids broken down into acetyl coenzyme A | By beta oxidation |
what is hydrogenation? | This is the solidifying of unsaturated fats by the treatment using hydrogen making saturated fats, saturated with hydrogen |
what are waxes? | esters of long fatty acids with long chain monohydroxylic alcohol's. this tends to act as water repellent |
Phospholipids are ------------------- | Phospholipids who are amphipathic. Amphipathic meaning it is hydrophobic and hydrophillic |
Simple lipids are | fats and waxes |
complex lipids include | Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids |
Sphingolipids | - long alcohol amino acids -sphingosine joins to fatty acids forming ceramide |
Sphingomyelin | - head: phosphocholine/ phosphoethanolamine - found in plasma membrane and myelin sheath |
cerebrosides | - head galactocerebroside/ glucocerebroside - has beta linkages - found in membranes |
Gangliosides (glycolipids) | fatty acid containing sugar and N- acetyl neuramic acid - found on cell surface membrane -involved in cell recognition |
what are isoprenes? | ispoprenes are branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbons |
what are terpenes? | -derivates of isoprenoids - these are found in plants and tend to have flavor and odour |
list eicosanoids | - prostaglandin - thromboxane - leukotrienes - aspirin |
cholesterol | - amphipathic - a steroid - 4 ringed molecule -found in the membrane - is planar and involved in membrane fluidity |
derivatives of cholesterol are... | - sex hormones --> oestradiol and testosterone - aldosterone -cortisol |
Vitamin D function | phosphate and calcium metabolism |
vitamin A function | retinol essential for vision |
vitamin E | Antioxidant |
vitamin K | Blood clotting |
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